An equation of state for carbon dioxide is developed here that yields high accuracy in P-V-T calculations over wide ranges of temperatures (216-423K) and pressures (to 310.3MPa). It is particularly accurate around the critical region due to the use of "nonanalytical" terms to model the critical isotherm. Thus it is suited to applications in supercritical states. The density calculation is reliable to within 0. 1-0.2 % outside the critical region, and to within 1 % near the critical point. The equation has also been tested for vapor pressure and enthalpy calculations (with deviations less than 0.06 %, and 2-5 J/g, respectively). Comparison with a number of existing equations of state shows that the present equation is more dependable.
The control of oven temperature is a lagging, nonlinear system. To address the problem of poor results of traditional PID control of oven temperature, the mathematical model of oven temperature is derived by testing the temperature data of the oven. Using the traditional PID control, adding fuzzy control, particle swarm algorithm, and proposing an improved particle swarm to calculate the PID parameters in the fuzzy control, the temperature control of the oven equipment is carried out, and the weighting factor and learning factor in the particle swarm are optimized and adjusted respectively. The effectiveness is verified by MATLAB program and Simulink simulation, and compared with traditional PID and fuzzy PID, the method has fast response, small overshoot, faster stabilization time, all aspects due to the traditional method.
An e f f i c i e n t r e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f t h e r u l e b a s e f o r a t h r e e t e r m c o n t r o l l e r i s p r e s e n t e d . T h e m e t h o d u s e s s y m m e t r y t o c o l l a s p e b y o n e d i m e n s i o n t h e 3D r u l e l o o k -u p t a b l e .
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