BackgroundThrombosis has been associated to some diseases like hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). Several drugs can alter the balance, such as the corticosteroid prednisone, used mainly for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. It is known that hypercortisolism can stimulate thrombi formation by increasing coagulation factors and decreasing fibrinolysis. However it is not known how prednisone administration affects hemostasis in dogs and if it is dose dependent. The aim of this study, therefore, was to demonstrate the effects of prednisone administration on dogs’ hemostatic profile.ResultsSignificant decrease of antithrombin levels was observed in both groups (anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive doses) after 15 days of treatment. An increase of platelet aggregation was observed in dogs receiving immunosuppressive doses of prednisone (Group II).ConclusionsFrom the results obtained in our study, it is not possible to infer that hypercortisolism can increase the thromboembolic risk, despite the decreased anticoagulant factors (antithrombin levels).
The hypothyroidism is the most commonly endocrinopathy in dogs, that occurs preferentially in middle-aged pure breed. The clinical signs associated with hypothyroidism are variable, many times non-specific, including metabolical, dermatological or cardiovascular. The main laboratorial findings are non-regenerative anemia and hypercholesterolemia. Hyponatremia, increase on alanine transferase and alkaline phosphatase activity also can be observed in a lower frequency. There are some reports of peripheral neuropathies caused by hypothyroidism, but the pathophysiology of this process is still unknown. There are specific diagnostic tests that can be used to help diagnose hypothyroidism, and those should be aligned together with the animal´s clinical symptoms. The thyroxine stimulating hormone, and free and total thyroxine concentrations are the most used tests. A Pit Bull dog, female, over weighted, was treated presenting left facial paralysis. Thyroid function tests confirmed hypothyroidism. The animal was treated with hormonal replacement and there was improvement in clinical signs in 40 days, confirming that hypothyroidism was facial paralysis' cause. Key words: Hypothyroidism, obesity, facial paralysis, thyroxine ResumoO hipotireoidismo é a endocrinopatia mais comum em cães, que acomete preferencialmente animais de meia-idade de raça pura. Os sintomas clínicos são bastante variados, e muitas vezes inespecíficos, incluindo alterações metabólicas, dermatológicas ou cardiovasculares. Os principais achados laboratoriais são anemia arregenerativa e hipercolesterolemia. Hiponatremia, aumento da atividade da fosfatase alcalina e da alanina aminotransferase também podem ser observadas com menor frequência. Existem alguns relatos de neuropatias periféricas causadas por hipotireoidismo, mas a fisiopatologia deste processo é ainda desconhecida. Existem testes específicos, utilizados no auxílio ao diagnóstico do hipotireoidismo, que devem ser interpretados em conjunto com os sinais clínicos do animal. As concentrações de tireotopina (TSH), tiroxina (T4) livre e total são os testes hormonais mais utilizados. Uma cadela da raça Pit Bull, obesa, foi atendida apresentando paralisia facial esquerda. Os exames de função tireoideana confirmaram hipotireoidismo. O animal foi tratado com reposição hormonal e houve melhora dos sinais clínicos em um período de 40 dias, confirmando o hipotireoidismo como causa da paralisia facial.
3 Médico veterinário autônomo RESUMO Relata-se o diagnóstico de linfoma primário no sistema nervoso central em um cão Labrador Retrievier, de 10 anos de idade, que apresentava episódios convulsivos, incoordenação nos membros posteriores, head tilt, ataxia e sensibilidade diminuída no lado esquerdo. Constataram-se alterações laterais esquerdas, como ausências de propriocepção e de posicionamento tátil, alterações posteriores nas provas de carrinho de mão e de reação ao pulo e diminuição da extensão da postura e hemilocomoção. No líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR), houve predomínio de linfócitos atípicos, caracterizados pela presença de anisocitose e anisocariose, nucléolos evidentes e anisonucleose, basofilia e microvacuolização citoplasmáticas, mitoses atípicas e corpúsculos linfoglandulares, compatíveis com linfoma, confirmado pelo exame histológico e imunocitoquímico, o qual revelou origem T, com expressão CD3+ e CD79-. A tomografia computadorizada não foi conclusiva e evidenciou diversas áreas hipodensas e intensificação de contraste na região de sulcos e giros do parênquima encefálico. A coleta do LCR foi essencial na rapidez do diagnóstico definitivo, indicando a natureza rara desta lesão primária.
Hyperadrenocorticism is a relatively common endocrinopathy in middle-aged and older dogs, which has become increasingly frequent in the clinical routine. The diagnosis is made by information obtained by history, physical exam findings and results of screening and specific endocrine tests. In addition to laboratory tests, imaging diagnosis, such as ultrasound, can aid on evaluation of possible changes in these cases; also, they may reveal the possible involvement of other organs and systems. The aim of this study was to present the main ultrasonographic changes observed in 18 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism, diagnosed from 2013 to 2020 by the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test, among which hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, gallbladder sludge, renal changes, cystitis and changes in adrenal size, such as bilateral and/or unilateral adrenomegaly, can be cited. Ultrasound examination, therefore, is an examination that can help the clinician in confirming the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism, in addition to allowing differentiation between pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) and adrenal tumors, and the evaluation of possible secondary changes to the disease.
RESUMOAs afecções de pele possuem grande importância na clínica de pequenos animais, correspondendo a um grande percentual dos casos atendidos na rotina clínica. As dermatopatias mais frequentes são dermatite alérgica à picada de ectoparasita, neoplasias cutâneas, piodermite bacteriana, seborréia, dermatites alérgicas, dermatites parasitárias e dermatoses imunomediadas. Entretanto, as dermatites alérgicas são as mais comumente tratadas com corticosteroides. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar os efeitos colaterais pelo método de avaliação clínica e laboratorial em cães com dermatopatias tratados com prednisona em dose anti-inflamatória. Para isso, foram utilizados 11 cães que apresentassem alguma dermatopatia alérgica. Todos esses foram submetidos à terapia com prednisona durante 20 dias, nas doses de 0,25 mg/kg/BID/5 dias, 0,25 mg/kg/Sid/5 dias e 0,25 mg/kg/EDA/10 dias. Exames laboratoriais (hemograma, bioquímicos da função renal, função e lesão hepática, glicemia, colesterol, triglicérides, urinálise, UPC e pressão arterial sistêmica) foram realizados em dois momentos (antes e após o tratamento). Após análise dos resultados não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas relacionadas à utilização do corticoide entre os dois momentos estudados. Conclui-se que a ausência de efeitos adversos sugere que a dose e o tempo de tratamento de prednisolona são seguros, porém mais estudos com a utilização de prednisona em doses mais altas, com períodos maiores e com um maior número de animais, devem ser realizados a fim de demonstrar a relação da corticoidoterapia com efeitos colaterais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Corticoidoterapia. Dermatopatias Alérgicas. Dose-Dependente. Efeitos Colaterais. Glicocorticoides. SUMMARYThe skin affections are of great importance in the small animal clinic, corresponding to a large percentage of the cases attended in the clinical routine. The most frequent dermatopathies are allergic dermatitis to ectoparasite bite, cutaneous neoplasm, bacterial pyoderma, seborrhea, allergic dermatitis, parasitic dermatitis and immune mediated dermatoses. However, allergic dermatitis is the most commonly treated with corticosteroids. The objective of the study was to verify the presence of side effects evaluated by the clinical and laboratory evaluation method in dogs with dermatopathies treated with prednisone in an anti-inflammatory dose. For this, 11 dogs were used that had some allergic dermatopathy. All of these patients underwent prednisone therapy for 20 days at doses of0,25 mg/kg/BID/5 dias, 0,25 mg/kg/Sid/5 dias e 0,25 mg/kg/EDA/10 dias. Laboratory tests (hemogram, biochemicals of renal function, liver function and lesion, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, urinalysis, UPC and systemic arterial pressure) were done at two moments (before and after treatment). After analyzing the results, no statistical changes related to the use of corticosteroids were observed between the two moments studied. Therefore, it is concluded that the absence of alterations may suggest that the dose and the time of treatment were safe...
Metabolic syndrome, or metabolic dysfunction related to obesity in dogs, is a set of factors that may predispose comorbidities secondary to obesity. Adjuvant therapy with an energy-restricted diet, especially with low levels of carbohydrate and fat, is essential for weight loss, in addition to controlling snacks intake. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical profile of obese dogs compared to lean dogs, and also to compare these profiles before and after a 30-day treatment, thus evaluating the possibility of obesity-related metabolic dysfunction and the action of adjuvant dietary therapy in this condition. Cholesterol and its fractions (HDL, LDL and VLDL), triglycerides, systemic blood pressure and glycemia of obese and lean dogs were measured, and seven obese dogs were treated only with a low-calorie diet with low levels of fat and carbohydrates for 30 days; these patients were evaluated before and after treatment. Obese dogs showed higher levels of triglycerides than lean dogs, and dogs treated with low-calorie diet presented weight loss and better outcomes related to biochemical profile, especially triglycerides levels, after treatment.
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