"Theoretical considerations, supported by statistical analysis of 39 annual flood series (AFS) of Italian basins, suggest that the two-component extreme value (TCEV) distribution can be assumed as a parent flood distribution, i.e., one closely representative of the real flood experience. This distribution belongs to the family of distributions of the annual maximum of a compound Poisson process, which is a solid theoretical basis for AFS analysis. However, the two-parameter distribution of this family, obtained on the assumption of identically distributed floods, does not account for the high variability of both observed skewness and largest order statistics, so that a significant number of observed floods qualify as outliers under this distribution. The more general TCEV distribution assumes individual floods to arise from a mixture of two exponential components. Its four parameters can be estimated by the maximum likelihood method. A regionalized TCEV distribution, with parameters representative of a set of 39 Italian AFS's, was shown to closely reproduce the observed distribution of skewness and that of the largest order statistic.

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Regional models of extreme rainfall must address the spatial variability induced by orographic obstacles. However, the proper\ud detection of orographic effects often depends on the availability of a well-designed rain gauge network. The aim of this study is\ud to investigate a new method for identifying and characterizing the effects of orography on the spatial structure of extreme rainfall\ud at the regional scale, including where rainfall data are lacking or fail to describe rainfall features thoroughly.\ud We analyse the annual maxima of daily rainfall data in the Campania region, an orographically complex region in Southern Italy,\ud and introduce a statistical procedure to identify spatial outliers in a low order statistic (namely the mean). The locations of these\ud outliers are then compared with a pattern of orographic objects that has been a priori identified through the application of an\ud automatic geomorphological procedure. The results show a direct and clear link between a particular set of orographic objects\ud and a local increase in the spatial variability of extreme rainfall. This analysis allowed us to objectively identify areas where\ud orography produces enhanced variability in extreme rainfall. It has direct implications for rain gauge network design criteria and\ud has led to promising developments in the regional analysis of extreme rainfall

Datasets concerning some user-scale Smart Grids, named Nano-grids, are reported in this paper. First several Solar Home Systems composed of a photovoltaic plant, a backup generator and different types of lithium-ion batteries are provided. Then, the inventory analysis of hybrid Nano-grids integrating batteries and hydrogen storage is outlined according to different scenarios. These data inventory could be useful for any academic or stakeholder interested in reproducing this analysis and/or developing environmental sustainability assessment in the field of Smart Grids. For more insight, please see “Environmental analysis of a Nano-Grid: a Life Cycle Assessment” by Rossi F, Parisi M.L., Maranghi S., Basosi R., Sinicropi A. [1].