Background The malignancy potential of the laryngeal lesions are one of the major concerns of the surgeons about choosing the treatment options, forming surgical margins, deciding the follow-up periods. Finding a biomarker to overcome these concerns are ongoing challenges and recently microRNAs (miRNAs) are attributed as possible candidates since they can regulate gene expressions in the human genome. The objective of our study was to investigate their capability as a transformation biomarker for malignant laryngeal lesions. Materials and methods We investigated mature miRNA expressions in paraffin-embedded surgical specimens of human laryngeal tissues grouped as benign, premalignant or malignant (n = 10 in each). miRNA profiling was carried out by quantitative Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and data were analyzed according to fold regulation. Results Our results demonstrated that 9 miRNAs were upregulated as the lesions become more malignant. Among them Hs_miR-183_5p, Hs_miR-155_5p, and Hs_miR-106b_3p expressions were significantly 4.16 (p = 0.032), 2.72 (p = 0.028) and 3.01 (p = 0.022) fold upregulated respectively in premalignant lesions compared to the benign lesions. Moreover, their expressions were approximately 2.76 fold higher in the malignant group than in the premalignant group compared to the benign group. Besides them, significant 7.57 (p = 0.036), 4.45 (p = 0.045) and 5.98 (p = 0.023) fold upregulations of Hs_miR-21_5p, Hs_miR-218_3p, and Hs_miR-210_3p were noticed in the malignant group but not in the premalignant group when compared to the benign group, respectively. Conclusion MiRNAs might have important value to help the clinicians for their concerns about the malignancy potentials of the laryngeal lesions. Hs_miR-183_5p, Hs_miR-155_5p, and Hs_miR-106b_3p might be followed as transformation marker, whereas Hs_miR-21_5p, Hs_miR-218_3p, and Hs_miR-210_3p might be a biomarker prone to malignancy.

Deep neck infections are mortal diseases that need emergency treatment. It can occur at any age but usually in pediatric ages. In this report, a left cervical carotid space abscess of a pediatric patient was discussed. It was interesting that the only origin of the left carotid sheath abscess was right inferior first molar tooth decay. Right neck spaces were all clean. Patient had no immunosupression and also there were no congenital masses such as branchial cleft cysts, foreign bodies, or masses suspicious for malignancies in cervical ultrasound and MRI. We discussed this rare condition under the light of the literature.

GİRİŞYenidoğan sepsisi terimi, yaşamın ilk ayında bakteriyeminin eşlik ettiği, sistemik bulguların olduğu akut bir hastalık tablosudur (1,2) . İnsidansının her 1000 canlı doğumda 1 ile 8 arasında olduğu bildirilmektedir (1,3) . Yeni antibiyotik ve destekleyici tedavi yöntemle-rine rağmen, % 13-50 gibi mortalite oranıyla ciddi bir sorun olmaya devam etmektedir (2,4) .

Even with 1% of the incidence, laryngeal neuroendocrine tumors are the second common tumors in larynx; as a subtype, typical carcinoid tumors are extremely rare. We presented a case of laryngeal typical carcinoid tumor and we discussed diagnostic criteria and treatment of these tumors. A 57-year-old male with a 3 months history of hoarseness was examined endoscopically and a laryngeal mass on left supraglottic area was seen. High levels of serum calcitonin were detected. The histopathological analysis of biopsy material was typical carcinoid tumor. Laryngeal tumor resection and left neck dissection were performed. The histopathologic result was TTF 1 and calcitonin positive primer laryngeal typical carcinoid tumor with cervical lymphoid metastasis. Serum calcitonin level returned to normal levels postoperatively. The distinction between laryngeal carcinoid tumors and metastasis of thyroid medullary carcinoma are difficult histopathologically. So, laryngeal carcinoid tumors should be kept in mind in these circumstances.