Comparison of miRNA expressions among benign, premalignant and malignant lesions of the larynx: Could they be transformation biomarkers?

Abstract

Background The malignancy potential of the laryngeal lesions are one of the major concerns of the surgeons about choosing the treatment options, forming surgical margins, deciding the follow-up periods. Finding a biomarker to overcome these concerns are ongoing challenges and recently microRNAs (miRNAs) are attributed as possible candidates since they can regulate gene expressions in the human genome. The objective of our study was to investigate their capability as a transformation biomarker for malignant laryngeal lesions. Materials and methods We investigated mature miRNA expressions in paraffin-embedded surgical specimens of human laryngeal tissues grouped as benign, premalignant or malignant (n = 10 in each). miRNA profiling was carried out by quantitative Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and data were analyzed according to fold regulation. Results Our results demonstrated that 9 miRNAs were upregulated as the lesions become more malignant. Among them Hs_miR-183_5p, Hs_miR-155_5p, and Hs_miR-106b_3p expressions were significantly 4.16 (p = 0.032), 2.72 (p = 0.028) and 3.01 (p = 0.022) fold upregulated respectively in premalignant lesions compared to the benign lesions. Moreover, their expressions were approximately 2.76 fold higher in the malignant group than in the premalignant group compared to the benign group. Besides them, significant 7.57 (p = 0.036), 4.45 (p = 0.045) and 5.98 (p = 0.023) fold upregulations of Hs_miR-21_5p, Hs_miR-218_3p, and Hs_miR-210_3p were noticed in the malignant group but not in the premalignant group when compared to the benign group, respectively. Conclusion MiRNAs might have important value to help the clinicians for their concerns about the malignancy potentials of the laryngeal lesions. Hs_miR-183_5p, Hs_miR-155_5p, and Hs_miR-106b_3p might be followed as transformation marker, whereas Hs_miR-21_5p, Hs_miR-218_3p, and Hs_miR-210_3p might be a biomarker prone to malignancy.

Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of microRNAs in Patients with Laryngeal Cancer: A Systematic Review

“…Of those, 166 were excluded for describing HNSCC cases without focus on the larynx ( n = 28), for being exclusively in vitro studies ( n = 39), for having a number of patients less than 10 or for using patient data from public databases ( n = 50), for not quantifying miRNAs in patient samples ( n = 43) and for other reasons, such as for not having statistically significant results or wrong miRNA sequence ( n = 6). Finally, the review was performed on a total of 177 studies [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 …”

“…Some miRNAs were reported by more than one study. The most frequently studied tissue miRNA in our paper list was miR-21-5p, whose role in LSCC was described in 14 different papers [ 26 , 28 , 59 , 67 , 110 , 123 , 129 , 130 , 140 , 145 , 147 , 159 , 174 , 176 ].…”

“…Other tissue miRNAs were reported by five or more articles, including miR-145-5p [ 32 , 42 , 59 , 92 , 99 , 130 , 131 , 153 , 167 ], miR-375-3p [ 28 , 140 , 145 , 149 , 159 , 171 , 178 , 188 , 196 ], miR-155-5p [ 26 , 28 , 59 , 84 , 106 , 128 , 169 ], miR-195-5p [ 75 , 107 , 111 , 114 , 115 , 146 , 197 ], miR-106b-3p [ 26 , 127 , 132 , 145 , 146 , 196 ], miR-21-3p [ 32 , 42 , 59 , 97 , 146 , 168 ], miR-125b-5p [ 32 , 43 , 82 , 101 , 117 , 130 ], miR-204-5p [ 32 , 49 , 65 , 82 ,…”

Biomarkers in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Literature Review

“…A recent study compared the expression of nine miRNAs in benign, premalignant, and malignant laryngeal lesions and found a statistically significant expression of Hs_miR-21_5p, Hs_miR-218_3p, and Hs_miR-210_3p only in the malignant laryngeal lesions. This result could suggest miRNA's role as a biomarker for laryngeal cancers [75][76][77][78]. In particular, Kinoshita et al explained the role of Hs_miR-218_3p in the regulation of migration and invasion of tumor cells via local adhesion pathways: these data could clarify the mechanism of local recurrence and distant metastasis [79].…”

Overview on Molecular Biomarkers for Laryngeal Cancer: Looking for New Answers to an Old Problem

“…The mortality risk associated with SCC is strongly dependent on invasive and metastatic potential. Tuncturk et al reported a proportional correlation between the upregulation of 9 miRNAs and the increased malignancy of the lesions [ 25 ]. Among these miRNAs, the expression of Hsa-miR-106b-3p was 3.01- and 7.31-fold higher in premalignant and malignant groups, respectively, compared to the benign group.…”