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In a retrospective study, we investigated and compared the angulation and the length of the styloid process between patients operated for Eagle's syndrome and a control group by means of lateral skull and Towne's radiographs. Thirty patients with 51 symptomatic elongated styloid processes underwent surgery. As a control group, patients with chronic otitis media and trauma were included in the study and none of them had symptoms characteristic of an elongated styloid process. The length, medial and anterior angulation of the styloid processes of the patient and the control groups were measured on lateral skull and Towne's radiographs. The mean length of the styloid process was 5 cm on the right and 5.2 cm on the left in the patient group, whereas they were 2.8 and 2.6 cm, respectively, in the control group. The mean degree of anterior angulation in the patient group was 33.6 degrees on the right, 36.7 degrees on the left, whereas these were 21.4 degrees and 18.5 degrees , respectively, in the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups for length and anterior angulation (P = 0.001). The mean medial angulation was 14 degrees on the right and 18.1 degrees on the left in the patient group, whereas these were 15 degrees and 16.3 degrees in the control group, respectively, and there were no significant differences between the two groups. The anterior angulation and the length of the styloid process are responsible for the symptoms of Eagle's syndrome.

BackgroundMaxillary sinus mucoceles are relatively rare among all paranasal sinus mucoceles. With the introduction of endoscopic sinus surgical techniques, rhinologic surgeons prefer transnasal endoscopic management of sinus mucoceles. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical presentation of maxillary sinus mucoceles and to establish the efficacy of endoscopic management of sinus mucoceles.MethodsBetween 2003 and 2005, 14 patients underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for maxillary sinus mucocele. The presenting sign and symptoms, radiological findings, surgical management and need for revision surgery were reviewed.ResultsThere were eight males and six females with an age range of 14 to 65. Ten patients complained of nasal obstruction, five of nasal drainage, five of cheek pressure or pain and one of proptosis of the eye and cheek swelling. The maxillary sinus and ipsilateral ethmoid sinus involvement on computed tomographic studies was seen in 4 patients. Four patients had history of endoscopic ethmoidectomy surgery for ethmoid sinusitis and one had Caldwell-Luc operation in the past. Ethmoidectomy with middle meatal antrostomy and marsupialization of the mucocele was performed in all patients. Postoperative follow-up ranged between 8 to 48 months. All patients had a patent middle meatal antrostomy and healthy maxillary sinus mucosa. No patients need revision surgery.ConclusionThe most common causes of mucoceles are chronic infection, allergic sinonasal disease, trauma and previous surgery. In 64% of the patients of our study cause remains uncertain. Endoscopic sinus surgery is an effective treatment for maxillary sinus mucoceles with a favorable long-term outcome.

Mostcavernous hemangiomaspresentat birthorsoon after. Cavernous hemangiomas of the nasal cavity, which are rare, usuall y donotpresentuntiladulthood; theirincidence peaks in the fourth decade of life. Most affected patients experience epistaxis or hemoptysis and an enlarging lesion in the nose. Histologically, cavernous hemangiomas appearas closelypacked, dilated vascular channels lined with a layer offlattened endothelial cells. We describe the case of a 32-year-old man who wasadmitted to our clinic with the complaint of a nasal obstruction. On anterior rhinoscopy, hewasfound tohavea hypervascuiarizedand hypertrophied left middleturbinateand septal deviation. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging oftheparanasal sinuses demonstrated awell-defined cystic lesion that hadarisen within thebonyleftmiddleturbinate and caused deviation oftheseptum to theright. Thelesion was excised via endoscopic surgery with general anesthesia. No complications occurred during the postoperative period. Histologic examination identified the tumor as a cavernoushemangioma. To thebestofourknowledge, this isthefirst case reported in the English-language literature of a cavernous hemangioma appearing asa cystic massin the middle turbinate.

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Paracetamol and dipyrone have well tolerability profile and effective analgesic properties when administered IV-PCA for postoperative analgesia in children after tonsillectomy.

Barium swallow pharyngoesophagography is useful to detect underlying benign characteristic pathologies in patients with globus who have no known head and neck illness.

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