Background and Aim: In Egypt, there is a scarcity of recent data on trichinellosis in pigs and humans. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the epidemiological profile and risk factors associated with Trichinella spiralis infection as well as to assess the effectiveness of the trichinoscope and digestion technique in diagnosing trichinellosis. Materials and Methods: Data were collected on 33812 pigs slaughtered during a year at the Al-Basateen abattoir, Cairo Governorate, Egypt. The slaughtered pigs had already been examined by trichinoscope in the abattoir. The diagnostic effectiveness technique was randomly conducted on 170 pork muscle samples, which were examined using the digestion technique. Furthermore, 90 serum samples from high-risk individuals in Qena and Sohag Governorates, Upper Egypt, were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The investigation revealed that the overall prevalence was 1.06% in pigs by trichinoscope. Of the examined 170 samples, 2.35% and 3.35% were found to harbor Trichinella by trichinoscope and artificial digestion, respectively. Trichinella was identified as T. spiralis using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. A significant relationship was affirmed between the prevalence of trichinellosis and the sex and age of the examined pigs. Likewise, for the first time, there was a considerable seasonal trend in the prevalence of Trichinella with the maximum infection, which was observed during Autumn (1.18%). The prevalence of trichinellosis in humans was 10%, with a significant association with age. Conclusion: Our findings are intended to serve as a starting point for developing effective preventive and control measures for trichinellosis (as application of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) in pig farms, stop feeding pigs on garbage as well as, preventing illegal slaughter of pigs outside the slaughterhouses). It also fortifies the establishment of the digestion technique because of its high specificity and sensitivity, although it is difficult to apply to a large number of samples.

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Purpose: The present study was carried out to evaluate and compare the clinical effect in a short term of three conservative treatment methods for myofascial pain disorder syndrome (MPD): pharmacotherapy, inter occlusal splint and low level laser therapy (LLLT). Subjects and Methods: The present study was applied on thirty (n=30) females patients which suffered from myofascial pain disorder syndrome (MPD).They were selected for this study with age ranged from 17-45 years. Patients were divided equally and randomly into three groups; Group I : were treated by LLLT, Group II were treated by oral appliance therapy and Group III were treated by pharmacotherapy. The outcome variables were pain score and the maximum interincisal opening (MIO). Pain score was assessed by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); both variables were assessed preoperatively, postoperatively at the first month weekly, three months, and six months. Results: VAS scores decreased and MIO increased gradually throughout the follow up durations at first, third, and six months after treatment in all groups (P < 0.05). Although there was a difference between groups I, II and III, however, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: low level laser therapy can be considered as a suitable and non-invasive treatment alternative for MPD. Also it was effective, had showing promising results and can be used as treatment of MP. LLLT shows its effects in a short term duration so it can be considered as a treatment of choice