Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new name given by World Health Organization (WHO) of 2019 novel corona virus infection, reported at the end of 2019 from Wuhan, Cina. The spread of infection occurs rapidly and creates a new pandemic threat. Etiology of COVID-19 was identified in 10 January 2020, a betacorona virus, similar with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS CoV). The clue diagnosis pathway of COVID-19 were history of travel from Wuhan or others infected countries within 14 days prior, and symptoms of acute respiratory illness (ARI) or lower respiratory infection (pneumonia) with the result of real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) specific for COVID-19. The WHO classified COVID-19 into suspect case, probable case and confirmed case. Indonesia Ministry of Health classified the case into in monitoring (ODP), patient under surveillance (PDP), people without symptom (OTG) and confirmed case. Specimens for detection COVID-19 could be acquired from nasal and nasopharynx swab, sputum and another lower respiratory aspirate including broncoalveolar lavage (BAL). Management of COVID-19 consist of isolation and infection control, supportive treatment according to the disease severity which could be mild (acute respiratory infection) to severe pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Disease transmission is via droplets and contact with droplets. Currently, there is no antiviral and vaccine. Prevention is very important for this disease by limitation of transmission, identification and isolate patients. Prognosis is determined by severity of the disease and patient comorbidity. Information about this novel disease remains very few, studies are still ongoing and is needing further research to fight with this new virus. (J Respir Indo. 2020; 40(2): 120-30)

Severe underweight was associated with longer time to initial sputum culture conversion among MDR-TB patients.

The combination of EP, zinc, selenium and vitamin C may alleviate exacerbation symptoms caused by URTI in COPD. Further studies are warranted to investigate the interactions among Echinacea, zinc, selenium and vitamin C.

Early diagnosis and effective treatment of human influenza A(H5N1) infection remains challenging. Most patients were referred late with advanced disease. Oseltamivir had limited clinical impact. Elevated D-dimer levels, consistent with fibrinolysis, and hyperglycemia warrant more research to determine their underlying mechanisms and optimal treatment.

Gram-negative bacteria including Klebsiella spp., P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. constitute a large proportion of pathogens identified in patients with AECB in some Asian countries. Surveillance on the local prevalence and antibiotic resistance of these organisms is important in guiding appropriate choice of antimicrobials in the management of AECB.

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that causes coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19). The SARS-CoV-2 is very contagious and nobody is known to be immune to it. The post-infected lung would leave a scar known as fibrosis, a scar tissue. A study from Wuhan, China suggested the development of fibrosis, though it was too early to label these lung changes as irreversible fibrosis in a time range of 3 weeks. The occurrence of fibrosis indicates a chronic infection which greatly contributes to the hallmark symptom of COVID-19 induced ARDS such as shortness of breath and chest pain. However, many of those studies have not yet explained the condition of the patient's lung after total recovery from the COVID-19. This report demonstrates the clinical symptoms, chest CT scan, spirometry, and blood gas analysis of patient after total recovery from the COVID-19 with appearance lung fibrosis.

Sejak awal tahun 2020 terjadi peningkatan jumlah kasus infeksi virus COVID-19, yang sebelumnya dikenal dengan nama 2019-nCov. Diketahui hingga bulan Februari 2020 sudah terkonfirmasi lebih dari 70.000 kasus positif infeksi COVID-19. COVID-19 diketahui merupakan virus dari keluarga coronaviridae, yang juga merupakan keluarga dari virus SARS-CoV dan MERS-CoV yang pernah menyebabkan wabah pada tahun 2002 dan 2012 silam. Patogenesis COVID-19 belum diketahui secara pasti, namun diduga mirip dengan patogenesis SARS-CoV dan MERS-CoV. Rerata mortalitas COVID-19 adalah 2.3%, lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan mortalitas SARS-CoV dan MERS-CoV. Outbreak COVID-19 juga diduga dimulai dari sebuah pasar penjualan makanan laut lokal pada musim dingin, lingkungan yang hampir sama pada saat outbreak virus SARS. Pada artikel ilmiah ini akan dibahas secara mendalam mengenai definisi operasional yang dapat dipakai dalam manajemen pasien dengan dugaan infeksi COVID-19. Akan dibahas pula manifestasi klinis dan tata laksana pada pasien dengan dugaan dan konfirmasi infeksi COVID-19.