Background Urinary incontinence (UI) is one of the most common symptoms during menopause, leading to a decreased quality of life and limited social activities. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of urinary incontinence and associated risk factors in postmenopausal women. Methods It was a cross-sectional study using cluster sampling on 433 postmenopausal women in Tabriz-Iran, 2021–2022. Data were collected using questionnaires of socio-demographic characteristics, Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID), and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UISF). Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors related to urinary incontinence. Results The overall prevalence of urinary incontinence was 39.5%; 20.6% stress urinary incontinence (SUI), 10.4% urgency urinary incontinence (UUI), and 8.5% mixed urinary incontinence (MUI). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalence of SUI (aOR 0.38; 95% CI 0.18–0.77) and UUI (aOR 0.38; 95% CI 0.15–0.94) was significantly lower in women with three childbirths than the ones with fewer childbirths. Also, the odds of UUI increased significantly in women at the 50–55 age range (aOR 3.88; 95% CI 1.16–12.93) than those less than 50 years. Conclusion Due to the high prevalence of urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women, caregivers should screen for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of urinary incontinence to prevent its destructive impact on the quality of life.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on stress and anxiety (primary outcomes) and self-esteem and depression (secondary outcomes) in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). This randomized controlled trial was performed on 50 women known with POI in Tabriz, Iran, in 2021. Participants were randomly assigned to CBT and control groups. CBT was provided in eight sessions of 45–60 min once a week with five to seven people. The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Cohen Perceived Stress Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used to collect data. After intervention, based on ANCOVA test by adjusting the baseline values, mean scores of stress (AMD: −10.97; 95% CI: −11.64 to −10.29), state anxiety (AMD: −14.76; 95% CI: −15.77 to −13.74), trait anxiety (AMD: −14.41; 95% CI: −15.47 to −13.74), and depression (AMD: −7.44; 95% CI: −8.41 to −6.46) were significantly lower in the CBT group compared to the control group. Also, mean score of self-esteem (AMD: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.06–1.92) was significantly higher in the CBT group compared to the control group. Regarding the effectiveness of CBT in promoting of mental health, it is suggested that healthcare providers use this method to improve mental health of women with POI. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT): IRCT20120718010324N64. Date of registration: 14/02/2021. URL: https://en.irct.ir/user/trial/52024/view; date of first registration: 17/02/2021.
Background:: Women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) have more difficulty concerning their physical and psychological health, indicating a need to provide adequate psychosocial and clinical support for these women to minimize the repercussion of this diagnosis on their activities and quality of life. Objective:: To determine the predictors of quality of life in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Methods:: This cross-sectional study was performed on 130 women with POI in Tabriz in 2021 by convenience sampling. Data were collected using the socio-demographic characteristics questionnaire, Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), Beck depression scale (BDI), female sexual function index (FSFI), and the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL). The adjusted general linear model was used to estimate the impact and determine the relationship between independent variables (socio-demographic characteristics, anxiety, depression, and sexual function) and dependent variables (quality of life and its domains). Results:: The mean total score of quality of life was 46.3 (SD: 18.3) out of 0 to 100. The lowest mean score belonged to the social relations domain [35.6 (17.0)], and the highest mean score belonged to the physical health domain [40.0 (16.0)]. Sexual function was one of the predictors of overall quality of life score, and all its domains except environmental health. Depression was one of the predictors of psychological health. Education was also a predictor of psychological and environmental health. Conclusion:: Sexual function and mental health are directly related to the quality of life of women with POI.
Background: Ovarian torsion in infants can be asymptomatic or may present with abdominal mass and malnutrition. It is an uncommon and non-specific condition in children. We report a girl who underwent detorsion and ovariopexy for suspected ovarian torsion after a previous oophorectomy. The role of progesterone therapy is determined in reducing the size of adnexal mass. Case presentation: The patient was diagnosed with right ovarian torsion and underwent an oophorectomy at one year of age. About 18 months later, she was diagnosed with left ovarian torsion and underwent detorsion with lateral pelvic fixation. Despite the pelvic fixation of the ovary, a continuous increase in the volume of the ovarian tissue was evident during successive ultrasounds. Progesterone therapy was started at five years of age in order to prevent retorsion and preserve the ovarian tissue. In successive follow-ups during the therapy, ovarian volume decreased, and its size (27*18 mm) was restored. Conclusion: The presented case reminds doctors of the possibility of ovarian torsion in young girls with pelvic pain. More research is needed on the use of hormonal drugs, such as progesterone, in similar cases.
Background Urinary incontinence has a significant impact on the psychosocial well-being of postmenopausal women. This study aimed to determine the relationship between urinary incontinence with sexual function and quality of life. Method It was a cross-sectional study using cluster sampling on 433 postmenopausal women in Tabriz-Iran, 2021–2022. Data were collected using questionnaires of socio-demographic and obstetrics characteristics, female sexual function index (FSFI), Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL), and Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (UIDQ). Independent sample t-test and general linear model (GLM) were used to compare the quality of life and sexual function score between the two groups of women with and without stress, urgency, and mixed urinary incontinence. Results Independent sample t-test showed a significant difference in the quality of life and sexual function between women with and without stress, urgency, and mixed urinary incontinence ( p < 0.05). Based on the GLM with adjusting the socio-demographic and obstetrics characteristics, women without stress incontinence reported a lower mean score of MENQOL (B = − 23.38; 95% CI = −30.1 to −16.6; p < 0.001) and a higher mean score of sexual function (B = 4.5; 95% CI = 2.1–7.0; p < 0.001) compared to women with stress incontinence; a lower MENQOL score and a higher sexual function score indicate better condition. However, there was no significant relationship between urgency and mixed incontinence with quality of life and sexual function ( p > 0.05). Conclusion As urinary incontinence remarkably affects sexual function and quality of life of postmenopausal women, health care providers should consider better solutions for this issue in their work program.
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