Background: : Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a health problem that is increasing around the world. Introduction:: Prevention of GDM, rather than treatment, could have several benefits in terms of both health and economic cost. Even a slight reduction in maternal glucose in non-diabetic women, particularly in women at high risk for GDM, may have significant benefits for pregnancy results and the future health of off-springs. Probiotics are a relatively new intervention, which are assessed by mothers’ metabolism, and can reduce blood sugar levels, prevent gestational diabetes and reduce the maternal and fetal complications resulting from it. The aim of this study was to review the studies on the prevention of gestational diabetes and assess the potential beneficial effects of probiotics on gestational diabetes and their possible mechanism of action. Method:: Articles compiled through clinical trials indexed in PubMed, Science Direct, Cochran, and Medlib between 2000 and 2017, with the keywords probiotics, prevention, and gestational diabetes mellitus were selected. Result:: Considering the potential of probiotics in the modulation of gut microbiota, naturalization increases intestinal permeability, regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators’ secretion and thereby controlling local and systemic inflammation results in decreasing intestinal permeability, enhancing the immune system. It likely has the ability to prevent or control diabetes during pregnancy although confirmatory studies are still needed. Conclusion:: Experimental and clinical evidence support the supposition that the modulation of the gut microbiota via probiotic microorganisms could be effective in the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus.
Maternal-fetal attachment would appear to be a factor related to postpartum maternal self-efficacy which suggests identifying and supporting women with low self-efficacy may increase maternal-fetal attachment and thereby maternal self-efficacy.
Objectives: This systematic review of the literature was carried out to see whether coffee consumption could affect Parkinson’s disease (PD) symptoms. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), crossover studies, and quasi-experimental studies were assessed to evaluate the effect of caffeine on PD. The databases including Medline/PubMed, ProQuest, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing the risk of bias in randomized clinical trials and the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool for non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) were used to assess the quality of RCTs and non-randomized clinical trials, respectively. A meta-analysis of the results was not possible because of reporting different outcomes. Results: Four papers were included in this study. Only one study reported the significant effect of caffeine on ESS and UPDRS. Another study observed no significant effect of caffeine on ESS during three- and six-week interventions. However, a significant reduction in ESS scores in the sixth week was reported after excluding four protocol violations. This study reported that the UPDRS score reduced in the third week, but significant changes were observed after six weeks. The other two studies did not show a significant effect of caffeine on ESS and UPDRS. Conclusions: Since a meta-analysis was not conducted, there was insufficient evidence to evaluate the effect of caffeine on PD. Thus, it is recommended to conduct more well-designed RCTs with a larger sample size to assess the effect of caffeine on PD.
Background:: Women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) have more difficulty concerning their physical and psychological health, indicating a need to provide adequate psychosocial and clinical support for these women to minimize the repercussion of this diagnosis on their activities and quality of life. Objective:: To determine the predictors of quality of life in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Methods:: This cross-sectional study was performed on 130 women with POI in Tabriz in 2021 by convenience sampling. Data were collected using the socio-demographic characteristics questionnaire, Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), Beck depression scale (BDI), female sexual function index (FSFI), and the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL). The adjusted general linear model was used to estimate the impact and determine the relationship between independent variables (socio-demographic characteristics, anxiety, depression, and sexual function) and dependent variables (quality of life and its domains). Results:: The mean total score of quality of life was 46.3 (SD: 18.3) out of 0 to 100. The lowest mean score belonged to the social relations domain [35.6 (17.0)], and the highest mean score belonged to the physical health domain [40.0 (16.0)]. Sexual function was one of the predictors of overall quality of life score, and all its domains except environmental health. Depression was one of the predictors of psychological health. Education was also a predictor of psychological and environmental health. Conclusion:: Sexual function and mental health are directly related to the quality of life of women with POI.
Background:: Hysterectomy is one of the factors that may affect women's body image and self-esteem and lead to serious psychological complications. background: Hysterectomy is one of the factors that may affect women's body image and self-esteem and lead to serious psychological complications. Objective:: The study aimed to compare self-esteem, body image, and depression in hysterectomized and non-hysterectomized Iranian women. Methods:: In this cross-sectional comparative study, 140 women of the reproductive age, who have undergone hysterectomy with benign causes, were compared in terms of self-esteem, body image, and depression with 140 women receiving medical treatment due to abnormal bleeding in educational and medical centers in Tabriz, Iran. Sampling was conducted by convenience method. Self-esteem was assessed with the Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire, body image was assessed with the multi-dimensional body-self relations questionnaire, and depression was assessed with the Beck II depression inventory. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test, independent t-test, chi-square test, and general linear model. Results:: The mean (standard deviation) of the body image in hysterectomized and non-hysterectomized women was 235.3 (28.5) and 250.1 (23.4) out of an achievable score of 69-395, respectively. The mean (standard deviation) self-esteem score for hysterectomized women was 20.4 (4.8) and it was 24.2 (3.4) in non-hysterectomized women (out of an achievable score of 0-30). The mean (standard deviation) depression score was 18.1 (9.7) and 5.5 (4.6) out of 0-63 in hysterectomized and non-hysterectomized women, respectively. The differences in self-esteem, body image, and depression variables were statistically significant in hysterectomized and non-hysterectomized women, respectively (P<0.001). Conclusion:: According to the results of the present study, the body image and self-esteem in hysterectomized women were low compared to non-hysterectomized women, while the level of depression was high, and this difference was statistically significant. conclusion: Due to the lower self-esteem and body image, and higher depression rates in hysterectomized women, designing intervention programs by healthcare providers to promote the mental health of this group of women in the society seems necessary. other: --
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