Salinization of soils and freshwater resources by natural processes and/or human activities has become an increasing issue that affects environmental services and socioeconomic relations. In addition, salinization jeopardizes agroecosystems, inducing salt stress in most cultivated plants (nutrient deficiency, pH and oxidative stress, biomass reduction), and directly affects the quality and quantity of food production. Depending on the type of salt/stress (alkaline or pH-neutral), specific approaches and solutions should be applied to ameliorate the situation on-site. Various agro-hydrotechnical (soil and water conservation, reduced tillage, mulching, rainwater harvesting, irrigation and drainage, control of seawater intrusion), biological (agroforestry, multi-cropping, cultivation of salt-resistant species, bacterial inoculation, promotion of mycorrhiza, grafting with salt-resistant rootstocks), chemical (application of organic and mineral amendments, phytohormones), bio-ecological (breeding, desalination, application of nano-based products, seed biopriming), and/or institutional solutions (salinity monitoring, integrated national and regional strategies) are very effective against salinity/salt stress and numerous other constraints. Advances in computer science (artificial intelligence, machine learning) provide rapid predictions of salinization processes from the field to the global scale, under numerous scenarios, including climate change. Thus, these results represent a comprehensive outcome and tool for a multidisciplinary approach to protect and control salinization, minimizing damages caused by salt stress.

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Climate change is considered to be one of the most serious threats and its impact is felt by the most vulnerable world's poorest countries including Bangladesh. In particular, ethnic communities, whose livelihoods depend on the use of natural resources, are likely to bear the brunt of adverse impacts. A case study was conducted in a fragile ecosystem of Lawachara national park of Bangladesh, to know the indigenous knowledge of the ethnic communities, how they adapt with the climate change impact by using indigenous knowledge. They use various IK to protect their crops from climate change impact. Thus, government should design policies which will be helpful to make them more resilience to face climate change impact.

In vitro propagation of strawberry was conducted at the Biotechnology Lab. of BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur. For shoot induction, five BAP concentrations viz., 0.0 (Control), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/l and for root induction four IBA concentrations viz., 0.0 (Control), 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/l were used. The highest average number of shoots (7) and the highest average length (3.34 cm) of shoot was observed at the concentration of 0.5 mg/l BAP. The highest average number of leaves (5) was also observed at the same concentration. Among the five rooting concentrations, IBA @ 0.5 mg/l showed the best performance in all the parameters studied. The highest number (6) of roots/culture and the longest (3.05 cm) roots were also obtained from this concentration. Half strength MS media without IBA concentration did not show any response regarding root induction.