Air limbah sisa deterjen yang berasal dari pencucian pakaian (laundry) berpotensi mencemari kelestarian lingkungan seperti sungai dan tanah jika dibuang dalam volume yang besar tanpa ada pengolahan terlebih dahulu. Metode pengolahan air limbah laundry yang mudah dan murah untuk skala rumah tangga telah dilakukan dan terbukti dapat menurunkan kadar polutan-polutan yang terkandung dalam air limbah laundry seperti fosfat dan amonia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media filtrasi menggunakan kombinasi adsorben arang aktif, zeolit, pasir silika, antrasit dan ferolit dalam menurunkan kadar fosfat dan amonia dalam air limbah laundry. Berdasarkan hasil uji laboratorium terhadap parameter uji fosfat dan amonia didapatkan hasil bahwa setelah proses filtrasi, terjadi penurunan kadar fosfat dan amonia dalam sampel air limbah laundry masing-masing sebesar 83,3% dan 63,6%. Dengan demikian, dari data hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa media filtrasi berupa kombinasi adsorben yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terbukti dapat menurunkan kadar fosfat dan amonia pada sampel air limbah laundry.
PEMANFAATAN KARBON AKTIF DARI BAMBU SEBAGAI ELEKTRODA SUPERKAPASITOR ABSTRAKPada penelitian ini, karbon aktif berbasis bambu telah digunakan untuk pembuatan superkapasitor. Uji daya jerap iodin dilakukan untuk mengukur tingkat serapan pori sampel karbon aktif yang ukurannya relatif kecil (mikropori). Karakteristik bahan karbon aktif yang meliputi struktur kristal dan morfologi permukaannya diuji dengan menggunakan SEM dan XRD. Bahan elektroda dengan komposisi (Karbon aktif : PVDF = 9:1 (b/b)), kolektor arus dan separator telah dirangkai untuk diuji kinerjanya sebagai perangkat penyimpanan muatan listrik. Metode siklik voltametri digunakan untuk melihat kinerja perangkat superkapasitor dengan mengukur nilai kapasitansi spesifik berdasarkan kurva voltammogram. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan nilai kapasitansi spesifik diperoleh nilai kapasitansi spesifik tertinggi pada superkapasitor dengan elektroda bambu yang diaktivasi dengan steam 50 mL/bar yaitu sebesar 59.50 F.Kata kunci: Karbon aktif bambu, siklik voltametri, kapasitansi spesifik, superkapasitor. UTILIZATION OF BAMBOO BASED ACTIVATED CARBON AS SUPERCAPACITOR ELECTRODE ABSTRACT In this study, bamboo based activated carbon has been used for fabrication of supercapacitors. Iodine absorption test is performed to measured absorption level porous activated carbon sample size is relatively small (microporous). Characteristics of the activated carbon material covering the surface morphology and structure were tested using SEM and XRD. Electrode materials with composition (Activated charcoal: PVDF = 9: 1 (w / w)), the current collector and separator has been assembled to be tested its performance as an electrical charge storage device. The test results by cyclic voltammetry method was to look at the performance supercapacitor devices at once to obtain the value of the capacitance curve obtained voltammograms. Based on the results of the calculation of the capacitance, the highest capacitance values obtained in the supercapacitor with activated carbon electrodes in bamboo steam 50 mL / bar with a capacitance value is 59.50 F / g.Keywords: Bamboo activated carbon, cyclic voltammetry, the specific capacitance, supercapacitor.
Pada penelitian ini, karbon aktif berbasis sabut kelapa telah digunakan untuk pembuatan superkapasitor. Uji daya jerap iodin dilakukan untuk mengukur tingkat serapan pori sampel karbon aktif yang ukurannya relatif kecil (mikropori). Karakteristik bahan karbon aktif yang meliputi struktur kristal dan morfologi permukaannya diuji dengan menggunakan SEM dan XRD. Bahan elektroda dengan komposisi (Karbon aktif : PVDF = 9:1 (b/b)), kolektor arus dan separator telah dirangkai untuk diuji kinerjanya sebagai perangkat penyimpanan muatan listrik. Metode siklik voltametri digunakan untuk melihat kinerja perangkat superkapasitor dengan mengukur nilai kapasitansi spesifik berdasarkan kurva voltammogram. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan nilai kapasitansi spesifik diperoleh nilai kapasitansi spesifik tertinggi pada superkapasitor dengan elektroda sabut kelapa yang diaktivasi dengan steam 50 mL/bar yaitu sebesar 50.73 F/g.
Research on physics learning on magnetic field has been carried with the PIMCA Learning Model (Presentation, Idea Mapping, Conceptualization, Formative Assessment introduced by Cosmas Poluakan). The research objective was to develop a PIMCA learning model based on Multiple Representation-Semiotic Resources. This research and development with reference to the 10 steps of developing the Dick and Carey model. This research was conducted in the Physics Education department of Manado State University, with 30 student teachers candidate as respondents. The research procedure starts from the development step by doing the validity of the expert test and then doing trials in small groups and large groups with pre-test and post-test. The results showed that the validity of the expert test got an average value of 3. 28 so that the learning model was in the very good category and was worthy to be disseminated. In the small group trial results, the pre-test mean score was 0.2 and the post-test mean score was 2.2. Whereas for the large group the results of the pre-test and post-test trials were 0.7 and 2.5. In the student response, 46.6% chose very good, 40% chose were good, and 13.4% chose were quite good. The results of this research indicate that the PIMCA learning model is suitable for use as a learning model that can help students understand the concept of magnetic fields. 6% chose very good, 40% chose were good, and 13.4% chose were quite good. The results of this research indicate that the PIMCA learning model is suitable for use as a learning model that can help students understand the concept of magnetic fields. 6% chose very good, 40% chose were good, and 13.4% chose were quite good. The results of this research indicate that the PIMCA learning model is suitable for use as a learning model that can help students understand the concept of magnetic fields.
Learning physics is often seen as an abstract science presented in a theory that is less interesting and seems difficult, and assumes that physics is difficult to master and understand. With the PBL (problem based learning) learning model, it is expected to make a major contribution to students where students are able to master and understand a physics concept. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the PBL learning model using demonstration and experimental methods on learning outcomes of physics about Newton's law at SMK Anugrah Tondano in the odd semester of the 2019/2020 school year. This study used a posttest-only control group design. The treatment used in this experiment is a PBL learning model using demonstration and experimental methods. Analysis of the data used is normality test and statistical test with the help of SPSS 25 application. The results of this study indicate that the problem based learning (PBL) model has an effect on student learning outcomes.
Research was carried out on physics learning models using light refraction material with graph line. The purpose of this study is to determine student learning outcomes using the PIMCA (Presentation, Idea Mapping, Conceptualization and Formative Assessment) model introduced and developed by Cosmas Poluakan. This study was carried out at SMA Negeri 1 Passi with a number of participants of up to 20 students. The design of this study is based on the One Group Pretest-Posttest-Design. The instruments used in this study were pretest and posttest. The process of this research starts with the pretest, implementing physics learning by following the 4 steps of the PIMCA model, and ends with the posttest. The results of the descriptive statistics showed an average pretest score of 30.00 and a posttest score of 77.77 with a difference of 47.77. From the results of the analysis with the N-Gain test, there were 10 students who experienced an increase in learning outcomes in the high category, 9 students who experienced an increase in learning outcomes in the middle category, and 1 student who experienced an increase in the Learning outcomes in the lower category. With a percentage of 50% of students experiencing an increase in learning outcomes in the high category. Thus, the results of this study show that the PIMCA learning model is very effective in learning physics.
Communities on the small island of Tatoareng sub-district, Sangihe Regency, are faced with the problem of limited land ownership for vegetable cultivation, and low access to vegetable food. Vegetables purchased by the public have gone through four to five buying and selling processes starting from the production center, resulting of expensive vegetable prices. This chain of problems continues and has not yet found a way to solve it. Our team designed hydroponic vegetable and spice (herbs) cultivation on a small island in the District of Tatoareng. The initial stages of the study are analyzing the prospects for the cultivation of vegetables and spices that are the needs of the community, analyzing their suitability with ecological conditions especially the microclimate, and analyzing the economic benefits in this case income or reduction in expenditure versus production costs. Our team has conducted research on daily changes in the microclimate of residential, plantation and forest areas, as a reference for the choice of growing vegetables and herbs (spice). Our team has also conducted research on the economic condition of the family, on livelihoods, and average monthly family income. Initial research results indicate a monthly family income range between Rp. 1.000.000 to Rp. 2.000.000. Preliminary observations also indicate that each house has a yard measuring at least 4m x 8m which allows for the hydroponic cultivation of vegetables and herbs. This article describes the results of a prospective economic-ecological analysis of the cultivation of vegetables and herbs for low-income families. The results of the analysis present several choices of types of vegetables and herbs, prospects for economic benefits and their compatibility with microclimate conditions. Choice of vegetables and herbs that can be cultivated, has been confirmed to the public. The categories of choice of vegetables and herbs are: first priority is: tomatoes, second priority is mustard pakcoy, third priority is chilli. The results of this preliminary study became a reference for the follow up of the research on hydroponic vegetable and spice cultivation
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