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A decade-old meta-analytic work indicated that L-arginine supplementation might have a blood pressure (BP) lowering effect in different populations. However, several relevant investigations have emerged in the last 10 years, and an up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis on this topic is currently lacking. Therefore, we aimed to examine the impact of L-arginine supplementation on BP by conducting a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials (RCTs). We searched online databases using relevant keywords up to April 2021 to identify RCTs using oral L-arginine on systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) in adults. Inclusion criteria were adult participants and an intervention duration ≥4 days. Exclusion criteria were the use of L-arginine infusion and acute interventions. A random-effects model was used to estimate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence (CI). Twenty-two RCTs with 30 effect sizes were included in this meta-analytic work. The pooled analysis demonstrated significant decreases in SBP (WMD = –6.40 mmHg; 95%CI: –8.74, –4.05; P<0.001) and DBP (WMD = –2.64 mmHg; 95%CI: –3.94, –1.40; P<0.001) after L-arginine supplementation. Sub-group analysis showed significant reductions in SBP and DBP regardless of baseline BP category (normotensive, hypertensive), study duration (≤24 days, >24 days), sex (female, male), health status (healthy, unhealthy), and body mass index (normal, overweight, obese). No significant changes were observed with dosages >9 g/day, trial duration >24 days, or in obese individuals. L-arginine supplementation also appears to decrease DBP more effectively in females than in males. Moreover, meta-regression analysis for DBP demonstrated a significant relationship between the dose of L-arginine intake and changes in DBP (P = 0.020). In the nonlinear dose-response analysis, the effective dosage of L-arginine supplementation was detected to be ≥4 g/day for SBP (P = 0.034) independent of trial duration. Overall, L-arginine supplementation may be effective for decreasing BP.

Objective The increased prevalence of metabolic dyslipidemia (MD) and its association with a variety of disorders raised a lot of attention to its management. Caveolin 1 (CAV1) the key protein in the caval structure of plasma membranes is many cell types that play an important role in its function. (CAV1) is a known gene associated with obesity. Today, a novel diet recognized as the Mediterranean and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay diet (MIND) is reported to have a positive effect on overall health. Hence, we aimed to investigate the interactions between CAV1 polymorphism and MIND diet on the MD in overweight and obese patients. Results Remarkably, there was a significant interaction between the MIND diet and CAV1 rs3807992 for dyslipidemia (β = − 0.25 ± 132, P = 0.05) in the crude model. Whereby, subjects with dominant alleles had a lower risk of dyslipidemia and risk allele carriers with higher adherence to the MIND diet may exhibit the lower dyslipidemia. This study presented the CAV1 gene as a possible genetic marker in recognizing people at higher risks for metabolic diseases. It also indicated that using the MIND diet may help in improving dyslipidemia through providing a probable interaction with CAV1 rs3807992 polymorphism.

Hesperidin is a naturally occurring bioactive compound that may have an impact on cardiovascular disease risks, but the evidence is not conclusive. To investigate further, this study aimed to explore the effects of hesperidin supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in adults. A comprehensive search was conducted up to August 2022 using relevant keywords in databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ISI Web of Science for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The results showed that hesperidin supplementation had a significant effect on reducing serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density cholesterol (LDL), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and systolic blood pressure (SBP), whereas weight was increased. However, no significant effect was observed on high-density cholesterol (HDL), waist circumference (WC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), body mass index (BMI), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The study also found that an effective dosage of hesperidin supplementation was around 1,000 mg/d, and a more effective duration of supplementation was more than eight weeks to decrease insulin levels. Furthermore, the duration of intervention of more than six weeks was effective in decreasing FBG levels.

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