This paper discusses the acquisition of French relative clauses by Indonesian students learning French at A2 level at a university in West Java. It aims to describe the linguistic competence (grammar and lexicon) in the formation of French relative clauses acquired by students in terms of Universal Grammar of the Minimalist Program of Generative Grammar. Qualitative approach and descriptive method were used. The data collections have been done through grammaticality judgment techniques with the T-F test. The test results showed that (a) each student had already acquired the grammar to derive the abstract structure of CP for relative clauses but (b) each student had different degree of the acquisition of lexical categories in particular the acquisition of Op(erator), complementizer qui/que [that] and relative pronouns and (c) point (b) above became the main factor for the existence of two levels of proficiency i.e., the convergent and the divergent levels. However, those two levels were still in line with Universal Grammar.
Attention to school violence in Indonesia has expanded through which several laws and policies were produced, especially on children's rights protection. While these legal aspects have been widely developed, studies on their frameworks have been rarely conducted. The current study examines whether the acts or regulations, the governmental policy, and the agency roles are considered adequate in framing school violence. Through the documentary analysis of the laws and the policies, this study reveals that the Indonesian laws are likely to be oriented to respond to a global need for children's safety and to build national trust in children's protection. While the regulations from the Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection, and the Ministry of Health generally emphasize to protect and rehabilitate violence victims, the regulation from the Ministry of Education and Culture tends to establish both preventive and rehabilitative actions. Additionally, the Indonesian Child Protection Commission is placed as the only governmental agency to monitor and to review the fulfillment of children's rights. However, the future need of any other agencies to assist Indonesian schools should not only resolve school violence but also sustain school peace. Implications for practices and future policy research are reviewed.
Indikator pembangunan merupakan suatu tolak ukur dalam mengukur keberhasilan pembangunan suatu negara. Indikator pembangunan meliputi indikator kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Dalam Islam pembangunan memiliki tujuan yang luas yaitu mencapai kesejahteraan dan kebahagiaan di dunia dan di akhirat. Kemiskinan menjadi salah satu masalah utama dalam pembangunan di negara-negara berkembang. Indikator pembangunan yang dapat mengukur kemiskinan, diantaranya indikator tingkat pendidikan, kesehatan, pendapatan per kapita dan jumlah kepadatan penduduk suatu negara. Maka upaya yang dapat dilakukan negara yakni meningkatkan akses pendidikan, kesehatan, menekan pertumbuhan penduduk dan pemberdayaan masyarakat agar menjadi SDM yang berdedikasi unggul. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah studi pustaka dengan mengutip pendapat para tokoh dan jurnal-jurnal terdahulu. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan masalah kemiskinan yang dikaitkan dengan indikator tingkat pendidikan. Memberikan akses pendidikan seluas-luasnya dapat membantu pemerintah agar keluar dari jeratan kemiskinan.
RÉSUMÉ.Cette recherche vise à concevoir du modèle d'apprentissage SynecticsSimulation Globale en se basant sur la sagesse locale dans l' apprentissage du Français du Tourisme pour améliorer la créativité des élèves à faire des scénarios d'un film dont le thème est la vie du tourisme. Afin d'effectuer cette recherche, nous adaptons l'approche Research and Developpement (R&D). Les résultats qui ont été obtenus sont les suivants : 1) La conception de modèles Synectics-Simulation Globale sur l'apprentissage du Français du tourisme ; 2) les matières d'enseignement du Français du tourisme; 3) les Scénarios des films relative au tourisme. Ces résultats pourraient améliorer la créativité des apprenants en faisant la simulation de la vie réelle du monde touristique en se basant sur la sagesse locale. Mots-clés: créativité, français du tourisme, modèle d'apprentissage, synectics-simulation globale. ABSTRACT. This study aims to design a learning model of Synectics-Simulation Globalein Français du Tourisme courses to improve students' creativity in making scenarios of a film of the life of local-wisdom tourism. The research employed Research and Development (R & D) approach. The participants of the study were 40 students of Français du Tourisme course. The results showed that the design of Synectics-Simulation Globale learning model in Français du Tourisme course encouraged students' creativity. Besides, the designed teaching materials for Français du Tourisme courses and the screenplay about tourism created by learners improved students' creativity by simulating real life world of tourism based on local wisdom.
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