Scheme 1. Schematic illustration for the formation and transport of UCSP-LDH in blood vessel, enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) mediated tumor accumulation, proposed PDT/PTT/CDT mechanism, and multiple imaging functions.

Tailored to the peculiar tumor microenvironment, Fenton reaction-based chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has attracted considerable attention for tumor treatment. However, the efficacy of CDT is highly limited by both H 2 O 2 overproduction and the low activity of catalysts at the tumor site. Herein, a novel magnetic targeting nanoplatform (γ-Fe 2 O 3 -GOx-DMSN) has been designed by simply depositing ultrasmall γ-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles and natural glucose oxidase (GOx) into the large mesopores (∼13 nm) of dendritic mesoporous silica (DMSN) spheres for near-infrared (NIR) light-enhanced CDT efficacy. In this structure, GOx can effectively consume glucose in the tumor cells to induce a decrease in the pH value and generate a considerable amount of H 2 O 2 , both of which promote subsequent Fenton reaction. These ultrasmall γ-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles not only serve as an efficacious Fenton catalyst for degradation of the increased H 2 O 2 within the tumor to produce highly toxic hydroxyl radicals ( • OH) but also exhibit high photothermal therapy (PTT) efficiency upon irradiation with 808 nm light. Importantly, the generated hypothermia can significantly accelerate the Fenton process, thereby enabling a synergetic PTT/hypothermia-enhanced CDT effect. Our work manifests a proof of concept of H 2 O 2 -evolving and NIR-enhanced CDT, providing a new perspective for cancer therapy.

A NO-release platform based on upconversion dendritic mesoporous silica nanocomposites was invented for combined imaging-guided synergistic chemodynamic/photodynamic/gas therapy.

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Hypoxia in tumor cells is regarded to be the most crucial cause of clinical drug resistance and radio-resistance, so relieving hypoxia of tumor cells is the key to enhance the...

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Wing dimorphism in aphids can be affected by multiple cues, including both biotic (nutrition, crowding, interspecific interactions, the presence of natural enemies, maternal and transgenerational effects, and alarm pheromone) and abiotic factors (temperature, humidity, and photoperiod). The majority of the phloem-feeding aphids carry Buchnera, an obligate symbiotic proteobacteria. Buchnera has a highly reduced genome size, but encode key enzymes in the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway and is crucial for nutritional balance, development and reproduction in aphids. In this study, we investigated the impact of two nutritional-based biotic factors, symbionts and starvation, on the wing dimorphism in the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae, a devastating insect pest of cereal crops (e.g., wheat) worldwide. Elimination of Buchnera using the antibiotic rifampicin significantly reduced the formation of winged morphs, body mass, and fecundity in S. avenae. Furthermore, the absence of this primary endosymbiont may disrupt the nutrient acquisition in aphids and alter transgenerational phenotypic expression. Similarly, both survival rate and the formation of winged morphs were substantially reduced after neonatal (<24 h old) offspring were starved for a period of time. The combined results shed light on the impact of two nutritional-based biotic factors on the phenotypic plasticity in aphids. A better understanding of the wing dimorphism in aphids will provide the theoretical basis for the prediction and integrated management of these phloem-feeding insect pests.