In the THz frequency range,several new high effects will restrict diode high-frequency performance. With the thermionic emission theory and the tunnel theory,the high-frequency performance of epitaxial Schottky diodes is re-evaluated and the structure parameters are optimized with using the cut-off frequency as a figure of merit. The results show that when the operation frequency is higher than the plasma frequency,the diode is equivalent to a capacitance with losing the frequency mixing performance. With the increase of frequency,increasing the doping density of substrate can reduce the substrate plasma resonance effect. The plasma resonance frequency of epitaxial layer is an important factor but transit time effect must be considered. The higher operation frequency can be obtained through reducing the anode diameter and the epilayer thickness,and increasing the epilayer doping density. The results have an important reference value in developing the room temperature THz mixing diodes.
Abstract-Based on the transformation optics, a novel transmission-line (TL) approach to realize invisibility cloaking using planar anisotropic metamaterials (MTMs) is proposed. The two-dimensional cylindrical cloaks are modeled based on inductor-capacitor (L-C) MTMs networks. The three elements of the constitutive parameters μ r , μ θ and ε z are all allowed to be spatially inhomogeneous which lead to the full parameter realization of a cylindrical cloak. As an example, a cloak working at VHF band is modeled and its invisibility behavior is demonstrated based on the solution of the node voltage distribution. Due to the non-resonant properties of the L-C elements, the broadband characteristic of the proposed cloaks is also evident.
Index Terms-Cloaking, invisibility, inductor-capacitor (L-C), transmission line (TL), metamaterials (MTMs).
ABSTRACT:The major seed storage protein 11S globulin from Juglans mandshurica Maxim. (JSG) was isolated and purified to identify its structure and analyze its physicochemical properties. JSG was found to be composed of two distinct major polypeptides with molecular masses of ~23 and ~20 kDa, and whose amino acid sequences are highly similar to those of the 11S globulin from J. regia in the NCBI database. JSG contains essential amino acids that correspond to the adult standard recommended by FAO/WTO. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed a single endothermic peak with a denaturation temperature of 96.83 °C and an enthalpy value of 12.07 J/g. The secondary structure of the JSG consists of β-sheets (32.83%) and α-helices (11.67%). A red shift was also observed in the fluorescence spectra with guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) or urea as denaturant; GdnHCl was proven to be a stronger denaturant than urea.
Potential induced degradation (PID) is a reliability issue affecting photovoltaic (PV) modules, mainly when PV strings operate under high voltages in hot/humid conditions. Polarization‐type PID (PID‐p) has been known to decrease module performance quickly. PID‐p can be reduced or recovered under the light in some cases, but this effect, as expected, would be less pronounced on the rear side of bifacial PV modules receiving lower irradiance. As bifacial PV modules are projected to dominate the PV market within the next 10 years, it is crucial to understand the PID‐p issue in bifacial modules better. In this study, we performed indoor PID testing to induce PID‐p on 14 commercial bifacial p‐PERC modules with three different module constructions from three manufacturers. Four rounds (+ve and −ve polarities for front and rear sides) of PID testing are done at 25°C, 54% relative humidity (RH) for 168 h using the aluminum foil method. Each module side (front cell side and back cell side) is tested individually under both negative and positive voltage bias. The results show that the highest degradation of 32% in maximum power (Pmax) at standard test conditions (1000 W/m2) and 51% at low irradiance (200 W/m2) has been observed in some cases. Recovery under sunlight is also done, and outcomes show a near‐complete recovery in Pmax. This study presents an extensive experimental methodology and a detailed analysis to systematically and simultaneously/sequentially evaluate multiple construction types of bifacial modules to the PID‐p susceptibility and recovery.
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