From the beginning of the 21st century, japonica rice area in the North China, especially in the Northeast China has expanded unceasingly, rice yield has increased significantly, and grain quality has been steadily improved. However, the improvement of eating quality is still one of the important research contents. We based on the research results of Japanese japonica rice, introduced the eating quality appraisal method and relationships rice starch type starch content, molecular structure, protein type and protein content, other material contents eating quality, as well as between eating quality and grain outer surface, and internal ultra structure. The genetic research advances of eating quality related traits and breeding application were also introduced. We believe that applied basic researches in breeding, cultivation and biotechnology for eating quality of japonica rice in Northeast China should be conducted. Fully using of indica rice with favorable genes of more secondary branch grains on upper panicles, more great vascular bundles in panicle neck and more primary branches and at the same time decreasing the bad influence on eating quality should be the important research subjects in North especially Northeast, on breeding between indica and japonica cross for good quality and high yield.
As online learning has become an inevitable trend in the post-peak era of the COVID-19 pandemic, distributed pair programming (DPP) is gaining momentum in both education and industry. DDP serves as a collaborative programming approach and also benefits the development of computational thinking, a fundamental skill in today’s world. This study conducted a systematic review of studies on DPP published after 2010 to understand the themes and factors that impact the team effectiveness of DPP and thus inform future research and practices on how to better leverage this approach for teaching and learning. The results showed that individual characteristics attracted major investigations in the selected 23 studies, including prior programming experience, actual skill, perceived skill, gender, personality, time management, confidence, and self-esteem, with pair compatibility identified as a critical team design factor that significantly affects programmers’ satisfaction. Although the feel-good factor in the team process was investigated, no significant impact was found. Under the team environment theme, we compared different opinions on the orientation (e.g., scripted roles) and the use of technology (e.g., integrated development environment tools). Future research should investigate how task structure influences team effectiveness of DPP and relates to computational thinking education. Additionally, because most studies were conducted in higher education contexts, more research in primary and secondary educational contexts is also needed.
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