This chapter provides an overview of plant protection and integrated pest management (IPM) programmes implemented by CATIE (Tropical Agriculture Research and Higher Education Centre; a non-profit international association that promotes the development, conservation and sustainable use of natural resources in tropical America through the application of scientific research and higher education), and covers the 4 key elements (farmer group learning based on observation and experimentation at each crop stage, parallel training in ecology and methods for extension workers, multi-institutional working groups with research agenda linked to ecologically sound pest management, and planning and monitoring of national infrastructure and capacity for IPM implementation), impact (improved farmer ability for pest identification and ecological reasoning, increase in pest scouting, increase in non-chemical pest management practices, reduction in pesticide use, and improved teaching skills of extension agents), and future goals (expanding farmer education, improving the outreach of the IPM programme, incorporating agricultural concepts into university and technical school programmes of studies, and rural community learning in an academic context) of the CATIE IPM programme in Nicaragua.
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