Covid-19 is a disease that causes a global health emergency, caused by SAR-CoV2 and transmitted through droplets. Viruses attached to host cells are strongly bound to ACE2 causing excessive inflammatory reactions (Cytokine Storm). The incubation period 1-14 days, causing signs and symptoms of the respiratory syndrome, fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and in severe conditions multi-organ failure that ends in death. In May 2020 the world mortality rate increased by 15.45%, which previously was March 2020 at 3.4%. The concept of pathogenesis is needed as an effort to provide understanding in handling Covid-19 so that mortality can be controlled. Tracing and understanding the characteristics of Covid-19 pathogenesis that gives rise to various pathological responses of the body becomes an interesting analytical study to establish an appropriate diagnosis, including nursing diagnoses in order to develop a comprehensive nursing plan. This study aims to review the characteristics of covid-19 pathogenesis in the context of establishing a nursing diagnosis according to the Indonesian Nursing Diagnosis Standards. A literature study is done by analyzing the characteristics of COVID-19 signs and symptoms and comparing the major and minor data groupings that exist in the Indonesian Nursing Diagnosis Standard. Characteristic pathogenesis results from mild, moderate and severe symptoms. Grouping results refer to nursing diagnoses including ineffective airway clearance, ventilator weaning disorders, gas exchange disorders, ineffective breathing patterns, the risk of spontaneous circulatory disorders, hyperthermia and anxiety. Keywords: Nursing diagnosis Covid-19, signs anda symptome covid-19, pathogenesis Covid-19, SAR-CoV2
BACKGROUND: Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia are most predisposition factors and show a significant impact in causing cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct dietary modifications, physical activity, and alternative therapies. One such option for alternative therapies is wet cupping therapy. AIM: This study aims to investigate the effect of wet cupping on blood pressure (BP) and total cholesterol (TC) on healthy young male adults. METHODS: This study design was quasi-experimental with a control and intervention group. It was conducted between January and February 2020 at Mini Hospital, School of Nursing, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. There were 44 healthy young male adults divided into control (n = 22) and intervention (n = 22) groups. This study’s outcomes were BP (systolic BP [SBP] and diastolic BP [DBP]) and TC. RESULTS: In the intervention group’s post-test, the mean SBP and DBP were substantially different from the pretest (p = 0.01 and 0.03). Although there was no statistically significant difference in TC outcome, overall cholesterol decreased following an intervention. There was no statistically significant difference in the outcome between the control and intervention groups, except for TC, which was significantly lower in the post-test than in the pre-test. CONCLUSION: This study’s results indicated that wet cupping could be useful in decreasing BP and total cholesterol.
ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian: untuk mengetahui efektivitas teknikprogressive muscle relaxation dan slow deep breathing terhadap peningkatan kualitas tidur dan penurunan tingkat stres. Metode: penelitian ini menggunakan quasi experimental design with comparison group. Pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan purposive sampling. Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gamping 2 Yogyakarta. Besar sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 60 responden dengan pembagian sampel masing-masing 20 responden pada kelompok intervensi, kelompok kontrol 1, dan kelompok kontrol 2. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan April sampai Juni 2015. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan PSQI (Pittburgh Sleep Quality Index) untuk mengukur kualitas tidur dengan nilai validitas 0,89 dan reliabilitas sebesar 0,73, sedangkan PSS (Perceived Stress Scale) untuk mengukur tingkat stres dengan nilai validitas 0,85 dan reliabilitas sebesar 0,75. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Anova dilanjutkan uji post-hoc Bonferroni. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok intervensi, kelompok kontrol 1, dan kelompok kontrol 2 terhadap peningkatan kualitas tidur (p = 0,025). Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok intervensi, kelompok control 1 dan kelompok kontrol 2 terhadap penurunan tingkat stres (p = 0,009). Diskusi: Hipertensi berkaitan dengan kualitas tidur dan tingkat stres karena berhubungan dengan respons saraf simpatis. Jika tidak diidentifikasi dengan baik, hal tersebut dapat memperburuk kondisi penderita hipertensi. Hipertensi dapat dikontrol dengan terapi nonfarmakologi menggunakan teknik relaksasi progressive muscle relaxation dan slow deep breathing. Kesimpulan: teknik progressive muscle relaxation efektif untuk meningkatkan kualitas tidur dan slow deep breathing efektif untuk menurunkan tingkat stres.Kata Kunci: hipertensi, kualitas tidur, tingkat stres, progressive muscle relaxation, slow deep breathingPROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION AND SLOW DEEP BREATHING IN HYPERTENSION PATIENTSABSTRACTObjective: to identify the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation and slow deep breathing on improving sleep quality and decreasing stress levels. Methods: This study employed quasi experimental design with comparison group. Samples were taken using purposive sampling. The study was conducted in the working area of Puskesmas (Public Health Center) Gamping 2 Yogyakarta. The sample size was 60 respondents with 20 respondents in each of the intervention group, control group 1, and control group 2. Data were collected from April to June 2015. The research used PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) to measure the quality of sleep with a validity value of 0.89 and a reliability value of 0.73 and PSS (Perceived Stress Scale) to measure stress levels with a validity value of 0.85 and a reliability value of 0.75. Data were analyzed using Anova and followed by using Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results: There were significant differences between intervention group, control group 1, and control group 2 in the sleep quality improvement (p=0.025). There were significant differences between intervention group, control group 1 and control group 2 in the decreased stress levels (p=0,009). Discussion: Hypertension is related to sleep quality and stress levels because it is associated with sympathetic nerve response. Unless they are well identified, they may worsen the condition of patients with hypertension. Hypertension can be controlled with non-pharmacological therapy using progressive muscle relaxation and slow deep breathing relaxation. Conclusion: Progressive muscle relaxation is effective to improve sleep quality and slow deep breathing is effective to reduce stress level.Keywords: hypertension, sleep quality, stress level, progressive muscle relaxation, slow deep breathing
Background: Alcohol consumption in the world at 2015 in the amount of 6.3 litter pure alcohol, the consumer average of age around above 15 years old. Drinking alcohol underage has impact on physical and mental disorders. Purpose: Knowing the relation between employment and income with alcohol consumption in adolescents at Ngemplak Seneng Manisrenggo Klaten Cental Java. Research method: This is a quantitative descriptive study with cross-sectional design. In this used total sampling, 35 subjects participating. Data obtained using question and analyzed by using Chi Square and multiple Regression. Result: Employment (31.4%), income (40.0%), and alcohol consumption (62.9%). From statistical analysis, employment with alcohol consumption shows the p value (0.011) and income with alcohol consumption (0.006). The result from employment and income with alcohol consumption shows the r value (0.819). Conclusion: There is a significant relation between employment and income with alcohol consumption in adolescents.
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