Objective: This study was designed to identify the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma gel (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin matrix (PRF) application on the induced open chronic full-thickness cutaneous wounds in goats.Methods: A total of 24 adult apparently healthy local breed bucks were used in this study. PRP gel and PRF matrix were prepared from whole blood at the time of treatment, four square full-thickness skin wounds (4 cm × 4 cm) on the dorsal sides of the back of each animal were created, by daily scratched to interrupt healing process continuation to prolong inflammatory reaction to form chronic wound, this surgical procedure was continued for 8 weeks to ensure the traditional chronicity wounds, after that they were treated by PRP gel in the first group (n=12), while PRF matrix was used in the second group (n=12). Each group was also subdivided into treatment (n=2 wounds) and control group (n=2 wounds) in each animal. The healing process was evaluated by clinical examination during experimental period and histologically in day 7, 14, 28, and 45 post operation. Conclusion:Both groups showed faster tissue repair and epithelialization in treatment groups compared to control groups. The results of this study confirmed PRP gel and PRF matrix application improved and accelerated cutaneous open chronic wound healing.

The efficiency of gas injection for developing terrigenous deposits within a multilayer producing object is investigated in this article. According to the results of measurements of the 3D hydrodynamic compositional model, an assessment of the oil recovery factor was made. In the studied conditions, re-injection of the associated gas was found to be the most technologically efficient working agent. The factors contributing to the inefficacy of traditional methods of stimulating oil production such as multistage hydraulic fracturing when used to develop low-permeability reservoirs have been analyzed. The factors contributing to the inefficiency of traditional oil-production stimulation methods, such as multistage hydraulic fracturing, have been analysed when they are applied to low-permeability reservoirs. The use of a gas of various compositions is found to be more effective as a working agent for reservoirs with permeability less than 0.005 µm2. Ultimately, the selection of an agent for injection into the reservoir should be driven by the criteria that allow assessing the applicability of the method under specific geological and physical conditions. In multilayer production objects, gas injection efficiency is influenced by a number of factors, in addition to displacement, including the ratio of gas volumes, the degree to which pressure is maintained in each reservoir, as well as how the well is operated. With the increase in production rate from 60 to 90 m3 / day during the re-injection of produced hydrocarbon gas, this study found that the oil recovery factor increased from 0.190 to 0.229. The further increase in flow rate to 150 m3 / day, however, led to a faster gas breakthrough, a decrease in the amount of oil produced, and a decrease in the oil recovery factor to 0.19 Based on the results of the research, methods for stimulating the formation of low-permeability reservoirs were ranked based on their efficacy.

The purpose of this research is to study the area near the bottom of the hydrocarbon well, which is usually affected by drilling and development operations, and to find a modern method that improves the transfer of fluid from the reservoir to the well.The area near the wellbore of an oil and gas formation is a very active and unstable zone. Field studies have shown that during the process of drilling the first well into the pay zone, a new area of disturbed permeability and porosity forms around the wellbore. This disturbed area is called the skin zone and is characterized by different properties. The skin zone can also form during the completion processes of hydrocarbon wells.In terms of well test processing for any hydrocarbon well, the term "skin effect" should be understood as the effect of changes in the lower wellbore zone (i.e., changes in rock properties, changes in formation fluid, formation structure, geologic section, etc.) on bottom wellbore pressure. This indicates a change in the permeability of the bottom zone of the borehole during drilling and development.In this paper, a new computational method is proposed in which the investigation of hydrocarbon well condition can be performed in two ways. The first way represents replacing the true radius of the wellbore (rw) with an effective radius (rwe). Under this condition, the skin factor term reflects only the effect of changes in the bottom wellbore zone. The second way is that the skin factor indicates not only the amount of change in the bottom wellbore zone, but also the effect of hydrodynamic imperfection of the hydrocarbon well performance during production, while maintaining the value of the well radius. After evaluating these parameters, it is possible to conclude the effectiveness of the implemented measures in the bottom wellbore zone of the formation. At the same time, the value of the skin factor after the performed works regarding the impact on the bottom zone can determine the positive or negative impact on the operation of the hydrocarbon well.

In the practice of hydrodynamic calculations the linear flow law, commonly called Darcy's law, is now widely used. It is well known that it is violated at large pressure gradients. This means that there is a certain limit value of the pressure gradient Δp* above which a deviation from the linear character of the flow law begins. This value of the pressure gradient is the upper limit of applicability.A method is presented for the direct determination of the upper limit of the validity of the linear flow law (Darcy's law) for any porous media. The method is based on the principles of percolation modelling of fluid flows in porous media. The influence of the structure of the pore space on the value of the boundary gradient is analysed. A qualitative comparison with the experimental data is performed.