Low-back pain (LBP) is one of the most current causes to reduce work performance, limit daily activities and raising health cost, and it is increasing as obesity growing as a public health concern. While obese LBP people cannot avoid weight load on the spine in any exercise, they can easily carry out exercise in water. This study aimed to investigate the effect of aquatic exercise on LBP disability among obese women. In this study, a total of 39 women with body mass index (BMI)≥ 27 kg/m 2 who suffering from nonspecific chronic LBP were purposively selected. They randomly assigned in two groups; aquatic and control. The aquatic group carried out aquatic exercise, twice per week, 60 min per session, for 12 weeks. LBP disability was measured using modified Oswestry questionnaire with ten sections; pain intensity, personal care, lifting, walking, sitting, standing, sleeping, social life, traveling, and employment. Results showed no significant difference in age, weight, BMI, waist to hip ratio, and percentage of body fat in both groups. An analyzing of multivariate analysis of covariance revealed that there was significant improvement on pain intensity, personal care, sitting, standing, sleeping, employment and total disability score in aquatic group, while there was no significant difference in lifting, walking, social life, and traveling abilities after 12 weeks between the groups. As a conclusion, this progressive aquatic exercise was a convenience and effective intervention program to reduce pain intensity, and improve personal care, sitting, standing, sleeping, and employment abilities in obese LBP women.
Restoration of gait symmetry following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) iscrucial to minimize the risk of joint degeneration. To achieve this, it is essential that the chosen measurement method can accurately assess knee kinematics and detect the changes in multi-planes of motion. However to date, limited study is available on repeatability of the multi-planes knee angle measurements particularly among male patients post ACLR. The purpose of this study was to assess the test-retest reliability of knee kinematic measurements using three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis system during gait in post ACLR patients.Eight patients with mean (SD) age 28.89 (4.0) years, 5.82(4.07) months post ACLR were recruited from a tertiary hospital of Kuala Lumpur. All patients undergone two sessions of knee joint angles measurement during gait at four hours interval, for the injured and the non-injured knees. Angles in the sagittal, frontal and transverse planes during initial contact phase of gait that derived from the two measurement sessions were compared.
Background and Study Aim. Complex sports specific movements often require balance ability. This is accountable for injury prevention as well. Balance control is vital to athletes for all sports activities. It is the objective of the current study to develop and identify balance training program effectiveness in improving dynamic balance among athletes in Malaysian National Sport Schools. Material and Methods. This study used a true experimental with control group design, involved dynamic balance control measures before and after intervention. A total of 72 male and female athletes were randomly assigned into experimental group or control group after screening process for eligibility. The experimental group underwent 12 sessions of balance training program and the control group continued their usual training routine. The Y-Balance Test was utilized to quantify dynamic balance for both groups. Data was analyzed using independent and paired sample t-test. Results. The study finding indicated that the experimental group demonstrated significant improvement in the post-test compared to pre-test (p = 0.000, p < 0.001) but no significant changes happened to control group (p = 0.353, p > 0.05). Independent t-test showed during post-test, the experimental group attained better score compared to the control group (p = 0.000, p < 0.001). Conclusions. It is suggested that coaches and athletes may include this balance training program in their training regimen, hoping to help in improving dynamic balance, thus, to reduce risk of lower extremity injuries. Future studies are suggested to increase more variances of balance training and make comparison on their effectiveness as a way to obtain a more effective training program.
A recently published article by Rohman et al 6 (''Changes in Involved and Uninvolved Limb Function During Rehabilitation After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Implications for Limb Symmetry Index Measures'') focuses interest on the effects of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) rehabilitation on the uninvolved limb. We would respectfully like to share our opinions with the authors of this study. Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a common disorder reported in people older than 45 years. 7 We noticed that the participants in this study were older than 45 years, and we wondered whether the possibility of early-stage OA of the knee may have influenced the current study outcomes. Had any signs or symptoms of OA been considered for selection criteria among the participants? In addition, patient sex plays a significant role in determining the outcomes of functional activities 1,2 ; males have been reported to have poorer proprioception compared with females. 5 Might the observed outcome of the study have differed if the results had been analyzed based on sex? We would also like to request the opinion of the authors regarding the external and internal validity of the study findings, based on patient age and sex, in routine clinical practice.The reliability and validity of clinical tests affect the quality of the clinical measurement. 3 Functional test batteries should undergo reliability testing before they are used in clinical practice. Some of the clinical tests used in the Standard Functional Test (SFT) battery have not been validated and lack reliability. In real practice, is it important to consider all of the tests used in the SFT battery? Perhaps the authors can recommend the tests in their battery that are valid and reliable. Such information may help clinicians to save time by using only effective tests. We agree with the authors that reporting the minimal clinically important change (MCIC) would strengthen the clinical application of the study results, and we would be grateful if they could share their reasons for not reporting the MCIC. In our opinion, the MCIC may help clinicians to better understand the functional performance of patients at 4 and 6 months after ACLR. The Limb Symmetry Index (LSI) and the symmetry ratio are commonly used to evaluate limb asymmetry. 4 Would the study findings have varied if the symmetry ratio had been reported instead of the LSI (ie, are symmetry index and symmetry ratio the same)? If they are not the same, which of them is recommended for evaluating limb asymmetry in clinical practice?Biomechanical changes in the uninjured limb during ACLR rehabilitation are insufficiently studied in the literature. Therefore, there is not enough knowledge of the changes in the uninjured limb to understand limb asymmetry during functional rehabilitation. In this context, we applaud the authors for emphasizing functional performance changes in the uninjured limb during ACLR rehabilitation. This current study has made a significant contribution to the practice of ...
The study purpose was to examine the association between the Medial Longitudinal Arch (MLA) and balance among recreational badminton players. Materials and methods. Total of 48 recreational badminton players aged 18–40 (24 males and 24 females) were recruited. Navicular Drop Test (NDT), Single Leg Stance Balance Test (SLSBT) and Modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT) were assessed on both dominant and non-dominant leg. Participant’s foot type was categorized using NDT scores according to difference of navicular height in weight bearing and relax sitting; static balance was grouped based on the time (seconds) the players were able to maintain balance during the SLSBT; and dynamic balance was grouped based on the percentage of distance reached in mSEBT. Results. The study results revealed a significant association between the MLA of dominant (p<0.05) and non-dominant leg (p=0.02) with static balance among recreational badminton players. However, there is no significant association between the MLA of dominant (Anterior: p=0.39; Posteromedial: p=0.34; Posterolateral: p=0.98) and non-dominant leg (Anterior: p=0.39; Posteromedial: p=0.54; Posterolateral: p=0.07) with dynamic balance. Conclusions. The current study concludes that there is a significant association between the MLA and static balance. However, no changes were seen in dynamic balance. Thus, coaches and trainers may look into the MLA of players to improve their static balance, which can further improve their sports performance. Future studies are recommended to examine the effects of dynamic balance in more depth with increased sample size.
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