ABSTRACT:Original chromosome counts are reported in 16 populations of Tanactum parthenium Schultz Bip. (Asteraceae) collected from west of Iran. Chromosome numbers in the species were varied from 2n=2x=18 to 2n=4x=36. Ten diploid populations (2n=2x=18) were detected in the studied areas that are accordance with the few prior reports. Three populations with both diploid and tetraploid chromosome number (2n=2x=18 and 36) were identified that is the first report for this species. The results indicated that intraspecific polyploidy was confirmed as the most significant evolutionary trend in chromosome number within this species.
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