Purpose: This study aims to explore phenomenal role of financial literacy on investment decisions. Financial literacy enables the individuals to manage their financial resources through pursuing alternative investment opportunities and portfolio diversification. Individual investors tried to balance their income-expenditures by availing latest investment opportunities in stocks, bonds, shares and financial instruments of the companies through stock exchanges, conventional and non-conventional investment channels. In current economic situations low stock prices, capital gains, financial interest, stock market rumors induce individual investors to trade in stock markets. As these indices, provide fair opportunities of investment as compared to bank deposits and other modes of investments. However, financial literacy (FL) offers a bridge to investors for making sound investment decisions through the best utilization of resources. Methodology: This study is based on the exploration of the role of financial literacy from individual investor’s perspective. Therefore, research method for this study is ‘Grounded theory’ under the qualitative approach. For the purpose of data collection, researcher conducted in-depth personal interviews. NVIVO software has been used for qualitative analysis of the data gathered through interviews. Different techniques such as, Word Tag Cloud, Word Tree and Tree Map were used to elaborate the themes of the study. Findings: This study found that financial literacy, economic, political and market factors influence the quality of investment decisions of the individuals. Moreover, rumors in financial markets also affect the investment decisions of the individuals. Implications: This study provide better outlook about the FL and investment decisions made by people based on knowledge about finance. Generally, financial activities are performed in financial markets divided into two categories; primary and secondary markets.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the moderating role of Perceived Organizational Support (POS) on the relationship among Job Stress (JS) and Job Burnout (JB) as well as Job Stress and Organizational Commitment (OC) under the pandemic situation. The direct relationship of Job Stress with Job Burnout and Organizational Commitment was also analyzed. Methodology: The study has been conducted on the 260 healthcare professionals (171 doctors & 89 medical support staff) of five well-established leading private hospitals of Lahore, a major city of Pakistan where diversity meets contemporary dynamics. An adopted questionnaire was utilized to collect the data from within working masse. To examine the relationship among the considered variable, regression as well as correlation analysis was deployed. After due analysis, it was found that JS is positively related to JB and it relates negatively with the OC. However, findings also revealed that POS does not moderate any of the relationships i.e., those of JS with OC & JB. Findings: The findings suggested that the pandemic situation proved to be stressful for the healthcare employees so as it led to burnout among them and reduced their commitment towards the organization. And that this stress due to pandemic situation was so that perceived support of employees from their organization could not alter their commitment in favor of the organization and also could not prevent the stress to reach the level of burnout among employees. Implications: The study offers practical implications to the managers. The burden on the shoulders of a manager is much more than he understands, constantly maintaining the balance between stress and encouragement is the ultimate duty of the manager. Along with managing the projects meeting the deadline with effectiveness, saving employees from the wear and tear mentally and physically is something of prime important enlisted in a manager’s duty. In theoretical sense, the study also has its implications in the field of management as well as pandemic situations.
Purpose: The study aimed at exploring those factors by following the procedures of qualitative research as well as exploration of rich sources of information contemplated by parents in order to get a better idea of schooling institutions. Methodology: The data was collected by interviewing the parents who had lately admitted their kids to the schools and had the selection process fresh in their memory. To provide more valuable insights to the readers and by keeping in view the importance of parents’ mindfulness in the decision making, only those participants were considered who had at least 14 years of education themselves; about half of them are working as faculty members in the education sector in Pakistan. An in-depth qualitative analysis was done using NVIVO 20 software by utilizing the thematic analysis technique. Findings: The findings revealed that numerous factors were considered by the parents such as the affordability of the educational expenses, the cultural values, the transportation issues, involvement of school in extra-curricular activities, the distance from home, the environment, the infrastructure of the school, the faculty and education level as well as the skills and creativity enhancement of kids. Although the educated participants talked about affordability issue but most of them were of the view that quality education of children should not be compromised because of this issue and other expenses could be lessened accordingly. The participants mostly relied on personal visits and consultation with educated people in their access for the collection of information about the institutes. Implications: The readers of the paper could benefit from these decision-making insights of educated citizens as well as of those involved with education sector professionally.
Purpose: The study aimed at exploring those factors by following the procedures of qualitative research as well as exploration of rich sources of information contemplated by parents in order to get a better idea of schooling institutions. Methodology: The data was collected by interviewing the parents who had lately admitted their kids to the schools and had the selection process fresh in their memory. To provide more valuable insights to the readers and by keeping in view the importance of parents’ mindfulness in the decision making, only those participants were considered who had at least 14 years of education themselves; about half of them are working as faculty members in the education sector in Pakistan. An in-depth qualitative analysis was done using NVIVO 20 software by utilizing the thematic analysis technique. Findings: The findings revealed that numerous factors were considered by the parents such as the affordability of the educational expenses, the cultural values, the transportation issues, involvement of school in extra-curricular activities, the distance from home, the environment, the infrastructure of the school, the faculty and education level as well as the skills and creativity enhancement of kids. Although the educated participants talked about affordability issue but most of them were of the view that quality education of children should not be compromised because of this issue and other expenses could be lessened accordingly. The participants mostly relied on personal visits and consultation with educated people in their access for the collection of information about the institutes. Implications: The readers of the paper could benefit from these decision-making insights of educated citizens as well as of those involved with education sector professionally.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the antecedents and precedents of on-job bullying regardless of the gender. Lower the Job stress and on-job bullying, higher the effectiveness and productivity of the employees. Employee engagement has also been identified as a mediator in some studies between on-job bullying and job performance of employees. Somewhere there is a lack of information stating the antecedents and precedents of on-job bullying in a comprehensive manner covering the versatile combination of both manufacturing and service sector. Methodology: This face-to-face interview based qualitative study is conducted on employees of manufacturing firms and banks of Faisalabad and Lahore. Interview Protocol was designed, consisting of four main questions along with multiple probing questions. It has been observed after five interviews that the saturation of data floated among all. The data was thus observed using NVivo 10 software to analyze the data deeply. Multiple techniques like Nodes, Word Tag Clouds, and Word Trees validate the collected data. Findings: This study is vital as it acts as a beacon of light to deprive the concept of this harmful norm of our society. Although this is significant to uproot the belief that women are bullied on job only. This study also provided the general recommendations based upon the suggestions of both the respondents and researcher. Implications: This study paves a path for its audience to identify and mitigate the factors that unbalances their job environment.
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