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Sand Intermittent Filtration (SIF) is an established technology of wastewater treatment and in recent years it gains renewed interest due to its simplicity and less energy requirement. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the modified filter-bed Reactor using Sand-intermittent-filtration (SIF) for the removal of physicochemical parameters viz dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total hardness (TH), calcium hardness (CaH), chloride (Cl), turbidity, total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and total suspended solids (TSS) of the Industrial wastewater of State Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand Limited (SIDCUL) at Haridwar. The experiments were performed with the composition of the filter-bed having sand and gravel in the ratio of 1:1 (Reactor I); 1:2 (Reactor II) and 2:1 (Reactor III) at the room temperature 300C. Each Reactor was categorized into A, B and C type based on depth of filter-bed (A=10 cm, B=15 cm, C=30 cm). The maximum removal of TS (52.21%), TDS (50.66%), TSS (57.20%), turbidity (67.36%), chloride (28.81%), BOD (39.18%), COD (38.66%), TH (53.40%), and CaH (62.57%) was observed in Reactor II C (soil and gravel- 2:1 and 30 cm depth of bed) using 0.49 mm effective size and 0.49 uniformity coefficient (UC) of the sand. A mixture of sand and gravel in the Reactor II with a ratio of 2:1 yielded better efficiency in comparison to the Reactor I and Reactor III. Thus, SIF technology could be environment-friendly and economically cost-effective for removing various physicochemical parameters from Industrial wastewater.

The present study aims to compare the quality of soil of different region of Haridwar with reference to physicochemical and heavy metal parameters. To fulfill the objectives of present study, soil sampling was performed in forest (control site), industrial, residential and agricultural areas in and around Haridwar. Soil samples were analyzed for different physicochemical and heavy metal parameters.  Values of all the studied soil parameters were found highest (an increase of 32% in temperature (16.63 to 21.640C), 121% in soil moisture (13.05 to 28.39%), 29.02% in soil porosity (37.56 to 49.03%), and 19.6% in the water holding capacity (36.22 to 43.58%), 74.18% in conductivity (0.25 to 0.40 µMhos/cm), and 203.78% in chloride (16.67 to 53.97mg/gm)) at the industrial area in comparison to other sites. During the course of the study, an increasing trend in all the parameters at all the sites was observed this may be due to the dumping of industrial solid waste and effluent. Although no negative impact was observed on the soil quality but continuous dumping will results in harmful impacts due to the accumulation of pollutants. Therefore there is a need for safe and proper disposal and utilization techniques to manage the enormous quantity of industrial waste. All the heavy metals (such as copper (0.050 to 0.055mg/gm), manganese (0.232 to 0.242mg/gm), nickel (0.035 to 0.036mg/gm), lead (0.039mg/gm), and iron (1.19 to 1.22) were found in higher concentration during the study period while cadmium was found absent during the study period.

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Demand for milk and milk products caused vast growth of dairy industries in most countries of the world. Consequently, the amount of wastewater and waste material generated and discharged from these industries has also increased. Phytoremediation provides eco-friendly, low cost treatment approach for the waste water treatment. In the current study aquatic macrophytesEichornia and Lemna were taken in account individually and in combination. A wetland approach was used for the treatment of effluent (waste water) from Parag Dairy and Milk processing plant, Meerut. Effluent was then transferred to glass aquarium and analysed for Physico-chemical parameters viz. Temp., pH, Turbidity. The initial parameters of the raw waste water were recorded Temp 25.34oC, pH 5.8, Turbidity 648 NTU. After the treatment, 75 % removal of turbidity was recorded in case of Eichornia (486 NTU), while Lemna showed a potential of 54 % removal (350 NTU) of turbidity

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