The present study aims to compare the quality of soil of different region of Haridwar with reference to physicochemical and heavy metal parameters. To fulfill the objectives of present study, soil sampling was performed in forest (control site), industrial, residential and agricultural areas in and around Haridwar. Soil samples were analyzed for different physicochemical and heavy metal parameters. Values of all the studied soil parameters were found highest (an increase of 32% in temperature (16.63 to 21.640C), 121% in soil moisture (13.05 to 28.39%), 29.02% in soil porosity (37.56 to 49.03%), and 19.6% in the water holding capacity (36.22 to 43.58%), 74.18% in conductivity (0.25 to 0.40 µMhos/cm), and 203.78% in chloride (16.67 to 53.97mg/gm)) at the industrial area in comparison to other sites. During the course of the study, an increasing trend in all the parameters at all the sites was observed this may be due to the dumping of industrial solid waste and effluent. Although no negative impact was observed on the soil quality but continuous dumping will results in harmful impacts due to the accumulation of pollutants. Therefore there is a need for safe and proper disposal and utilization techniques to manage the enormous quantity of industrial waste. All the heavy metals (such as copper (0.050 to 0.055mg/gm), manganese (0.232 to 0.242mg/gm), nickel (0.035 to 0.036mg/gm), lead (0.039mg/gm), and iron (1.19 to 1.22) were found in higher concentration during the study period while cadmium was found absent during the study period.
Every living organism on this planet prioritises food. Sustainable crop production is the need of the present hour to fulfil the basic needs of the large population of the country. The production of any crop, along with many other factors, largely depends on the soil quality of the area. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to ascertain the quality of the soil in the study area. To fulfil the aim of the present study, four sites {Karwi Mafi (SS-1), Karwi (SS-2), Amanpur (SS-3), and Narainpur (SS-4)} were selected around Karwi town, Chitrakoot (Uttar Pradesh), India. The soil samples were collected from the selected sites following the Grab sampling method for 12 months (January 2021 to December 2021). A total of 80 soil samples were collected and analysed for various physical parameters, primary and secondary nutrients, micronutrients, and heavy metals. The results obtained showed that soil moisture ranged from 44.56% to 48.12%. Among all the four sites, the soil quality of SS-03 (pH=6.79±0.03) was observed to be slightly acidic in nature. Phosphorous ranged from 48.10 to 56.53 mg/kg. Similarly, all other studied primary and secondary nutrients were observed in sufficient quantity at all the study sites. The concentration of all the studied micronutrients (Cd, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Fe) ranged from 0.95-1.31 mg/kg, 4.39-5.23 mg/kg, 2.47-3.62 mg/kg, 14.29-21.42 mg/kg, and 4.83-6.01 mg/kg, respectively. Chromium ranged from 0.96 to 1.58 mg/kg. On the basis of the present study, it can be concluded that the quality of soil in the study area is in good condition. The findings of the present study are important as they reveal the soil quality of pure residential and agricultural areas without any anthropogenic or natural dumping of solid or liquid waste.
Biofuels are derived from renewable bio-mass resources and, therefore, provide a strategic advantage to promote sustainable development and to supplement conventional energy sources in meeting the rapidly increasing requirements for transportation fuels associated with high economic growth, as well as in meeting the energy needs of India's vast rural population. India is major producer of potable and industrial alcohols. The majority of distilleries use molasses as a feed stock. Ethyl alcohol is an important feed stock for the manufacturer of various chemicals. The effluent from the distillery is described as spent wash/vinasse. It was recognized in 2001 by the CPCB that concentrating or drying the spent wash and burning it with ancillary fuel, with energy recovery in the form of steam, is the most attractive alternative as a fertilizer. Distillery Spent Wash (DSW) is a rich source of organic matter and nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and sulfur. In addition, it contains sufficient amount of micro-nutrients such as iron, zinc, copper, manganese, boron, and molybdenum. Vinasse incineration can claim to be the best viable solution to treat distillery vinasse economically to meet the zero liquid discharge target of the industry. This review indicates that a wide range of biological as well as physicochemical treatments, over the years for the treatment of distillery spent wash. No single technology can be employed for absolute treatment of distillery spent wash. There is a need to use a mix of treatment options with adequate protocols and guidelines so that spentwash can be gainfully utilized for biogas generation, biocompost, ferti-irrigation, one time land application, irrigation, sodic land reclamation and co-processing.
Increasing urbanization and industrialization is continuously putting a pressure on the ground and fresh water resource in form of quality and quantity. Therefore water recycling through wastewater treatment is the need of the present hour. Therefore in the present study the efficiency of the 3.2MLD sewage treatment plant (STP) based on membrane bioreactor technology (MBR) located in Indian Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative Limited (IFFCO) township Aonla, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India was studied. The plant was recently commissioned on 10th of June 2022. The plant shows highest efficiency for turbidity (98.6%) followed by total suspended solids (TSS) (95.7%), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (89.0%), iron (86.7%), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (85.0%). The efficiency for the rest of the parameters is below 50%. The MBR based STP is working efficiently as the values of parameters in treated water is within the discharge standards of central pollution control board (CPCB) listed in The Environment (Protection) Rule, 1986. One of the major problems of MBR based STP reported in literature is membrane fouling which is also rectified in the current treatment plant by using sodium hypochlorite for membrane cleaning.
Groundwater quality and quantity both are important for the survival of human beings on this planet. In the present study an attempt has been made to assess the groundwater quality at mass using points. To fulfil the objectives of the present study, four sites (Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, Muradnagar, and Modinagar) were selected along the metro line construction from Delhi to Meerut. At all these sites, workers of metro line projects are living and working and using the groundwater for drinking purpose. Sampling was carried out from July 2021 to June 2022 using grab method of sampling. The samples were analysed for pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, and fluoride. The data was processed using water quality index (WQI) and Pearson correlation metrix. TDS at all the study sites ranged from 514mg/l to 549.3mg/l and the values are above the standard limit of BIS (500mg/l). Values of TH, calcium and magnesium were found above the limits prescribed. Concentration of Chloride, nitrate, sulphate, and fluoride were found below the limits prescribed by BIS. However, nitrate is approaching to the standard limit (45mg/l). Correlation metrix shows that calcium is responsible for increasing values of TDS. As per the values of WQI, water quality of site 2 (46.7762), 3 (48.3523) and 4 (48.6281) falls in good category while at site 1 (50.9363) in poor category. There is an urgent need of strict actions to stop the increasing water pollution in the area to prevent the huge population of this area from various water related implications.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.