Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are hematopoietic neoplasms composed of mast cells. It is highly common in dogs and is extremely important in the veterinary oncology field. It represents the third most common tumor subtype, and is the most common malignant skin tumor in dogs, corresponding to 11% of skin cancer cases. The objective of this critical review was to present the report of the 2nd Consensus meeting on the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors, which was organized by the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology (ABROVET) in August 2021. The most recent information on cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs is presented and discussed.
In recent years the development of extremely accurate techniques for the removal of lymph nodes has been seen, such as the Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB) technique. The technique is based on the staggered progression occurring in the lymphatic drainage of neoplasias, and is currently the main prognostic and diagnostic factor in women suffering from mammary carcinoma. This research aims at assessing the sentinel lymph node biopsy accuracy in female dogs suffering from mammary carcinoma. Forty-one dogs with cytological diagnosis of the tumor were used in the research. After injecting a Patent Blue V dye, mastectomy was conducted jointly with lymphadenectomy (for both sentinel and non-sentinel lymph nodes). The material was then serially sectioned and microscopically evaluated by routine H&E stain and immunohistochemical study with the markers for pancytokeratin AE1/AE3 and myoepithelial cells CK14. The study revealed that 46.3% (19/41) of the animals presented nodal metastasis. The sensitivity and specificity values found for SLNB were respectively 89.5% and 100%, with a kappa coefficient of 0.90 and p < 0.0001. Therefore, the SLNB technique offers high sensitivity in the early detection of metastases, allowing higher precision in the staging of oncological patients and, therefore, offering higher chances of survival.
Case summaryWe describe the case of a 1-year-old male Persian cat diagnosed with congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) associated with renal polycystic disease and, for the first time, we have shown that there was no C >A mutation in exon 29 of PKD1 (polycystic kidney disease 1). The cat presented with a history of chronic weight loss, anorexia, vomiting, depression and lethargy, with profuse salivation and ascites on clinical examination. A mild elevation in liver-associated plasma enzymes suggested a hepatic disease. Owing to the cat’s deteriorating condition, it was euthanized. During necropsy, the liver was found to be enlarged, firm and reddish, and the kidney had multiple small cortical cysts. Immunohistochemistry revealed that bile duct cells and epithelial cells of renal cysts showed positive immunoreactivity to keratin 19. Collagen fibers surrounding bile ducts within portal areas demonstrated reactivity to type IV collagen antibody, confirming the congenital nature of the process. A diagnosis of ductal plate malformation consistent with CHF associated with polycystic kidney in a young Persian cat was made. Interestingly, genetic testing revealed a wild-type sequence at position 3284 in exon 29 of PKD1.Relevance and novel informationThe absence of the classic genetic mutation associated with the particular clinical presentation supports the hypothesis of a distinct etiopathogenesis among fibropolycystic diseases in domestic cats. Moreover, congenital hepatic fibrosis is a rare but important differential diagnosis for young Persian cats and their crosses with clinical signs of chronic end-stage liver disease.
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