In the present study, right hind limb bones from 46 12-month-old bulls with no clinical signs were examined to identify and describe lesions that could predispose the stifle and tarsal joints to osteoarthritis. The bulls came from a performance testing station and were slaughtered due to a low index at the end of the testing period 1996-97. Differences in frequency of lesions among breeds as well as the relationship between lesions and growth rate were evaluated. Forty-five (97.8 %) of the 46 bulls had lesions in the joints and/or growth plates. Prevalence of lesions was 100 % in the Charolais (22/22), the Hereford (8/8), and the Limousin (4/4) breeds, and 85.7 % (6/7) in the Simmental breed. The stifle was affected in 37, the tarsus in 33, and the growth plates in 34, of the 46 bulls. Lesions found in the stifle joint were: osteochondrosis of the articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex (AECC) (25), subchondral bone cyst of the distal femur (1), fragmentation of the medial intercondylar eminence of the tibia (20), cleft in the distal part of the patellar groove (28), and an avulsion fracture of the lateral condyle together with a partial tear of the cranial cruciate ligament (1). Lesions found in the tarsal joint were: osteochondrosis of the AECC (23), ulcerative lesions of the articular cartilage of the talus (25), and fracture of the medial malleolus (4). Twenty-eight bulls had lesions of osteochondrosis at the AECC and 37 at the growth plates. When osteochondrosis at the AECC and thickening of the growth plates were combined, 44 of the 46 bulls had at least one lesion at the AECC and/or the growth plate.Prevalence of bulls with at least one lesion was similar between breeds, but the number of lesions per bull was significantly higher in Charolais followed by Simmental, Hereford, and Limousin. Number of lesions per bull was significantly correlated with daily weight gain, carcase weight, and the width of the proximal tibial epiphysis. Lesions were statistically independent, indicating that local biomechanical factors within the joints are important in the pathogenesis.In conclusion, we suggest that the high incidence of hind limb osteoarthritis reported in the Swedish beef bull population can be explained by the high prevalence of skeletal lesions found in the present material. The lesions appeared to be related to high growth rate and to the breed.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-0221.2017v14n25p27O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a economia e os aspectos sociais da atividade de pesca artesanal da região da foz do rio Araguaia. Foram entrevistados 562 pescadores integrantes de seis colônias de pescadores: Araguatins (Z-1); Vitória Régia (Z-24); Araguanã (Z-3); Xambioá (Z-33); Piçarra (Z-55) e São Geraldo do Araguaia (Z-88). Os resultados demonstraram que os pescadores artesanais são formados, principalmente, por pessoas do sexo masculino, com baixa escolaridade, média de cinco integrantes na família, em sua maioria possuem casa e embarcação própria. Os pescadores estão em grande parte associados a uma colônia de pescadores e recebem em média de três salários mínimos. Observou-se ainda, que a maioria atua na atividade acima de seis horas diárias e tem como principal ferramenta de pesca a rede de emalhar. No contexto geral, compreende-se que a pesca artesanal faz parte de um modo de vida desta comunidade e que deve ser preservada.
ResumoA indisponibilidade de recursos naturais provoca efeitos negativos nas áreas ambiental, econômica e social, além de ser indispensável à sobrevivência. A aquicultura pode ser uma alternativa capaz de garantir a manutenção do homem ao campo, com baixos efeitos negativos ao ambiente. Proporciona incremento na renda familiar, através da diversificação da atividade na pequena propriedade, garantido retorno econômico de forma sustentável. Entretanto, mesmo a aquicultura apresentando gargalos produtivos, estes podem ser contornados por meio de parcerias (cooperativas, associações e/ou interação entre produtores), incentivos fiscais e auxilio técnico público atuante nesta atividade, proporcionando as pequenas propriedades mais competitividade no mercado. Portanto, o trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um levantamento do perfil socioeconômico de pequenas propriedades rurais da região Fronteiriça do Sudoeste do Paraná. Identificando por meio do presente estudo a realidade local das propriedades.Palavras-chave: Agricultura familiar. Difusão de tecnologia. Aquicultura.
PROFILE OF SMALL HOLDER AQUACULTURE SOUTH WESTERN BORDER OF PARANÁ/BRAZIL AbstractThe unavailability of natural resources causes negative effects in environmental, economic and social areas, in addition to being essential to survival. Aquaculture can be an alternative capable of ensuring the maintenance of the man to the field, with low negative effects to the
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