The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the chemical treatment with fungicide, insecticide, micronutrient and polymer on physiological and sanitary quality of soybean seeds during storage. The treatments were arranged in a 3 x 5 x 5 factorial scheme (cultivars x seeds treatment x storage period), in completely randomized design with four replicates. Three cultivars were used: NA 4823RG, BMX TurboRR and Fundacep 62RR. The treatments were: T1: no chemical treatment, T2: fungicide, insecticide and micronutrient; T3: fungicide, insecticide, micronutrient and polymer, T4: fungicide; T5: insecticide. After the chemical treatment, the seeds were stored under environmental conditions from May to December 2012, and seed quality was evaluated at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 months of storage. Seeds water content and physiological quality were determined through tests of germination, accelerated aging, seedling length, seedling dry weight and sanity. The treatment with fungicides, insecticides, micronutrients and polymer did not affect seed quality over eight months of storage and promoted the control fungi associated with the seeds.
Em lotes comerciais de sementes de aveia-preta, é comum a presença de sementes sem pigmentação, principalmente quando as mesmas são submetidas a condições de estresse durante a fase de maturação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a qualidade das sementes de aveia-preta de acordo com sua pigmentação. Foram utilizados 12 lotes comerciais de sementes, produzidas na safra 2012/2012, no Rio Grande do Sul. As sementes, dentro de cada lote, foram separadas em pigmentadas e não pigmentadas. Efetuou-se o tratamento para superação da dormência, além da caracterização das sementes pelos testes: matéria de mil sementes; germinação; primeira contagem; matéria seca de plântulas; comprimento de plântulas, e índice de velocidade de germinação. Não há relação entre o grau de dormência e a pigmentação em sementes de aveia-preta. Sementes de aveia-preta sem pigmentação possuem menor matéria de mil sementes e qualidade fisiológica inferior em relação às pigmentadas.
Seeds can absorb N from mineral supplementation, thus stimulating seedling development in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). This study aimed to evaluate the contribution to soybean seedlings of N derived from mineral supplementation in seeds with different nutritional contents. Seeds of the cultivar BMX Potência RR received mineral supplementation enriched with 2.5% excess 15N. The treatments were performed in seeds in two lots, one with high and one with low nutritional content. At 2, 6 and 10 days after sowing on paper towels, the seedlings were collected and separated into cotyledons, roots and shoots. Dry matter production, root length and root volume were assessed. Total N and 15N values were analyzed in the seedling organ tissues. The seeds from the lot with lower nutritional content absorbed more N from the mineral supplement, which was accumulated in the cotyledons and redistributed to the root systems and cotyledons. At 10 days after sowing, most of the N in the organs of soybean seedlings was derived from the seed reserves, regardless of nutritional content. Thus, application of N through mineral supplementation is of low importance for the development and nutrition of seedlings.
The objective of this research was to carry out a survey, through the levels of physical purity, percentage of pure seeds, number of other seeds, and the physiological quality through germination, in the samples of ryegrass seeds analyzed in laboratories accredited by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply in Rio Grande do Sul. Data from 3959 ryegrass samples analyzed from the period 2014 to 2017 were compiled. Quality of the seeds was presented through the percentage of samples within the standards recommended for commercialization, for the variables germination, pure seeds, seeds of cultivated species, wild, noxious, tolerated and noxiously forbidden, in all factors, cultivar, region of origin, category and crop of seed production. Quality of the lots of ryegrass seeds, analyzed by the laboratories of Rio Grande do Sul, obtained in the harvest of 2013 the lowest percentage of lots approved for commercialization, 57.96%, and the harvest of 2014, 2015 and 2016 with 89.60% 91.39% and 91.34%, respectively. In regions where livestock predominates, the percentage of ryegrass seed lots approved for commercialization was lower.
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