-The aim of this study was to define the influence of treatments with different seed spray volumes and their effects on the physical and physiological quality. The soybean seeds from cultivars NA 5909 RG and BMX Potência RR were used and three lots of each cultivar were selected in sieves of different diameters (5.5; 6.0 and 6.5 mm). The treatments consisted of different seed volumes: 1) non-treated seeds; 2) 600 mL.100 kg of seeds -1 ; 3) 800 mL.100 kg of seeds -1 ; 4) 1000 mL.100 kg of seeds -1 ; 5) 1200 mL.100 kg of seeds -1; 6) 1400 mL.100 kg of seeds -1 . The physical parameters evaluated were mechanical damage, water content and variations in the length and width of the seeds. The physiological seed quality was determined by germination, first count germination, length and dry weight of seedlings, field emergence and emergence speed index tests. In terms of use of the product in liquid form, it is possible to use the treatment in spray volumes up to 1400 mL.100 kg seed -1 , regardless the cultivar or seed size and without damaging the soybean seeds physically and physiologically.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the chemical treatment with fungicide, insecticide, micronutrient and polymer on physiological and sanitary quality of soybean seeds during storage. The treatments were arranged in a 3 x 5 x 5 factorial scheme (cultivars x seeds treatment x storage period), in completely randomized design with four replicates. Three cultivars were used: NA 4823RG, BMX TurboRR and Fundacep 62RR. The treatments were: T1: no chemical treatment, T2: fungicide, insecticide and micronutrient; T3: fungicide, insecticide, micronutrient and polymer, T4: fungicide; T5: insecticide. After the chemical treatment, the seeds were stored under environmental conditions from May to December 2012, and seed quality was evaluated at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 months of storage. Seeds water content and physiological quality were determined through tests of germination, accelerated aging, seedling length, seedling dry weight and sanity. The treatment with fungicides, insecticides, micronutrients and polymer did not affect seed quality over eight months of storage and promoted the control fungi associated with the seeds.

A concentração de sais no solo é um fator limitante para o crescimento e a produção das culturas; por isso, o uso de tecnologias que alteram a tolerância de plantas ao estresse salino desempenha um importante papel em manter o adequado estabelecimento de plantas e a consequente produção de alimentos. Diante disso, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a interferência de produtos com efeito de reguladores do crescimento, no tratamento de sementes, sobre a germinação e o desempenho inicial de plântulas de milho, em condições de estresse salino. Para tanto, utilizaram-se sementes de dois híbridos de milho (30F53H e CD 393), tratadas com produtos com efeito de regulador do crescimento (Stimulate ® , tiametoxam e controle), e submetidas a diferentes níveis de potencial osmótico com NaCl (0,0;-0,2;-0,4;-0,6 e-0,8 MPa). A avaliação da qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi obtida pelos testes de germinação, primeira contagem, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento da parte aérea e da raiz, e fitomassa seca de plântulas. O tratamento de sementes com os produtos testados não promoveu melhoria na germinação de sementes de milho submetidas a condições de estresse salino, independentemente do genótipo. Para as demais variáveis relacionadas ao vigor de plântulas, o efeito dos produtos depende do nível de estresse e do genótipo utilizado, sendo que, de maneira geral, melhores resultados foram obtidos com a utilização do Stimulate ® .

Bumblebees are essential insects for the preservation of biodiversity in many ecosystems, as they can pollinate a wide variety of wild and cultivated plants. Knowledge of the genetic diversity of bumblebees can be used to understand and predict the health status of bee populations, enabling the development of strategies for crop management and conservation of this important group of pollinators. Here, we characterized the genetic diversity of B. morio populations from the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, by amplification of the partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene. The resulting data were then compared with genetic parameters of Bombus morio (Swederus 1787) obtained in populations from this species' full geographic range in South America. Our results revealed the presence of nine mitochondrial haplotypes in Rio Grande do Sul, three of which were novel haplotypes, and of significant genetic divergence among bumblebee populations from Brazil and South America. The mitochondrial haplotype BM01 was the most common and is probably the ancestral haplotype from which the others originated. There is also evidence that strong gene flow has taken place among Brazilian B. morio populations, explaining the sharing of haplotypes between distant populations. The populations of B. morio from Rio Grande do Sul present significant genetic diversity as the species is native to Southern/Southeastern Brazil and adapted to the ecological conditions in this wide range. Having well-connected populations with a large genetic potential will help this species to remain well adapted to the different environmental conditions within its native range.

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