ResumoA zona de transição Amazônia-Cerrado é caracterizada pela alta diversidade de ecossistemas, biodiversidade e condições climáticas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar evidências de mudanças climáticas na precipitação e temperatura no Estado do Maranhão. Os dados de normais climatológicas desde 1977 até 2014 provenientes de 12 estações meteorológicas do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia, distribuídas no Estado foram utilizados para construir a série temporal de dados climáticos. Os dados foram divididos em dois grupos referentes às estações climáticas, seca e chuvosa. O teste de Mann-Kendall foi aplicado para detecção de tendências de aumento ou decréscimo, tanto na série temporal completa, quanto nos dados referentes aos períodos seco e chuvoso. Os resultados evidenciaram uma forte elevação na temperatura do ar em todas estações do Estado. No bioma amazônico em relação a precipitação, as estações de Bacabal e Zé Doca registraram tendências de aumento e diminuição, respectivamente. No bioma cerrado, as estações de Carolina e Colinas apresentaram tendências de aumento e diminuição, respectivamente. Os resultados apresentados neste trabalho mostraram que as mudanças climáticas ocorrem diferentemente no Estado do Maranhão, não necessariamente influenciada pelo bioma. Palavras-chave: mudanças globais, desastres naturais, sensoriamento remoto. Evidence of Climate Change in the Amazon-Savanna Transition Region in Maranhão State AbstractThe Amazon-Savanna transition zone is characterized by high diversity of ecosystems, biodiversity and climatic conditions. This work aims to investigate evidences of climate change on precipitation and temperature in the Maranhão state. The climatological normal data from 1977 to 2014 provided from 12 meteorological stations of National Meteorological Institute distributed in state area was used to build the climatic time series. This dataset was divided in two groups according to climate stations, dry and rain seasons. The Mann-Kendall test was applied to detect increase and decrease trends regarding complete time series and both, dry and rain season series. The results show a strong climate change in air temperature. In the amazon biome, Bacabal and Zé Doca stations registered increase and decrease tendencies, respectively. In the savanna biome, in Carolina and Colinas stations presented increase and decrease tendencies, respectively. The results presented in this work shows that climate change occurred differently in Maranhão state, not influenced necessarily by biome.
Climate can modulate human health at large spatial scales, but the influence of global, regional, and local environments remains poorly understood, especially for neglected diseases, such as mycoses. In this work, we present the correlation between climatic variables and hospitalizations for mycoses in Brazilian state capitals, evaluating the period of 2008 to 2016 at different time scales. The results indicate that climate modulates the hospitalizations for mycoses differently at annual and monthly time scales, with minimum temperature as a key climatic variable during periods of high prevalence in the 10 Brazilian capitals with the highest hospitalizations for mycoses rates. The greatest number of hospitalizations coincided with La Niña events, while a reduction was observed during El Niño events, thereby demonstrating the influence of the Pacific Interdecadal Climate Oscillation on the prevalence of mycoses in Brazil. At a regional scale, the mycoses burden in Brazil appears to respond differently to local and global climatic drivers.
Introduction: Asthma is a disease that has been associated with the presence of different genetic and socioenvironmental factors. Objective: To identify and evaluate the seasonality of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (RV) in asthmatic children and adolescents in tropical climate, as well as to assess the socio-economic and environmental factors involved. Methods: The study was conducted in a referral hospital, where a total of 151 children were recruited with a respiratory infection. The ISAAC protocol and a questionnaire were applied, and a skin prick test was performed. The nasal swab was collected to detect RV and RSV through molecular assay. INMET database was the source of climatic information. Results: The of socio-environmental characterization of asthmatic children showed that the family history of allergy, disturbed sleep at night, dry cough, allergic rhinitis, individuals sensitized to at least one mite. We identified RV in 75% of children with asthma and 66.7% of RSV in children with asthma. There was an association between the presence of RV and the dry season whereas the presence of the RSV was associated with the rainy season. Contributing to these results, a negative correlation was observed between the RSV and the wind speed and the maximum temperature and a positive correlation with precipitation. Conclusions: The results suggest a high prevalence of RV and RSV in asthmatic children and the seasonality of these viruses were present in different climatic periods. This has significant implications for understanding short- and long-term clinical complications in asthmatic patients.
O presente trabalho avalia o emprego da energia radiativa do fogo (ERF) para estimar as emissões de material particulado com diâmetro menor que 2,5µm (PM2,5µm), a partir da obtenção do coeficiente multiplicativo, que relaciona o consumo de biomassa com a ERF liberada. Para isto, foram utilizados dados provenientes dos produtos do MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) e do produto derivado do satélite GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite), para calcular o total de aerossóis emitidos para a atmosfera. O CCATT-BRAMS (Coupled Chemistry-Aerosol-Tracer Transport model coupled to Brazilian Regional Atmospheric Modelling System) foi utilizado para estimar a concentração de PM2,5µm provenientes da queima de biomassa. Estes dados foram comparados com os dados de campo obtidos nos experimentos do LBA (Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere) SMOCC (Smoke, Aerosols, Clouds, rainfall, and Climate) e RaCCI (Radiation, Cloud, and Climate Interactions). A estimativa da emissão de PM2,5µm (µg.m-3) apresentou uma correlação com os dados do SMOCC/RaCCI superiores a 92%. Ainda, constatou-se que o consumo máximo diário pode exceder 5 Tg (milhões de toneladas), com uma média diária de 2,1 Tg. O método resultante das análises de laboratório permitiu estimar a biomassa consumida em 0,28 ± 0,01 Pg (10(15) g) para a América do Sul, entre Julho e Novembro de 2002.
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