The fact that many indigenous languages in Indonesia have been dying out as a result of the ineffective way of language planning. This study aims to construct critical thinking indicators and to describe the strategies used for enhancing critical thinking in language planning (LP) concerning local language maintenance, particularly Banjarese language. The qualitative method was employed in which all data were elaborated in a descriptive manner by employing an interview and documentation to collect the data. The former was performed by interviewing the two older native Banjarese persons: The one is a researcher focusing on native languages as well as on Banjarese maintenance; and the other is the main official person in charge of history and tradition maintenance of the Education and Culture Service of South Kalimantan. The latter was done by taking articles concerning Banjarese maintenance and its teaching, and policy documents issued by the government. The data were analyzed through content analysis. The result shows that there is no curriculum design to maintain Banjarese at schools. The local government's support in maintaining Banjarese does neither run well nor seems to be serious. The existence of local government regulation No. 7/2009 about the local language maintenance does not continue to practical procedures on how local language should be designed and taught at schools. Therefore, the issues of Banjarese should be the main indicator to map needs analysis in local language maintenance and strategies for language planning dealing with the classroom as the way of teaching Banjarese
Moral philosophical is central to philosophy study as most issues have been discussed in the philosophy that related to morality. People who are not familiar with the other philosophical belief would think that the other party's belief is wrong while they hold the truth. This issue can be found in any social problem and has been reflected in one of literature work. A literature product is the closest portrait which reflects society's real situation and cultural background, including moral and ethnicity; one example of the products is Dan Brown’s Inferno. In the novel, Brown portrays that there are two sides to the philosophical belief of the truth, which exist in a society. Two main characters reflect the two different beliefs of truths; Bertrand Zobrist versus Dr. Langdon and society. This article uses intentionality theory, which is proposed by Husserl to do moral philosophical analysis critically in order to examine how two sides of philosophical views are believed by two types of parties, society, and Zobrist. To support the analysis, the writer uses philosophy of mind as the primary theory to analyze the moral perspective. The result shows that Zobrist has his own belief that killing half of the human population by bombing them is the right thing to do to save the world. His belief has been built as he is conveyed by Inferno, one of Dante’s great work. Meanwhile, Dr. Langdon and society think that Zobrist’s belief is wrong; his action and plan to kill people is inhuman
Following the concept of Interpersonal model of Metadiscourse markers proposed by Hayland and Tse (2004) then developed by Hayland (2005), this content analysis aims to find the use of interactional metadiscourse markers in the introduction sections of two dissertations written by good and poor writers of doctorate students State University of Surabaya. The interactional metadiscourse markers were categorized into Booster, Hedges, Attitude Markers, Engagement Markers, and Self Mention.The good writer used more in number and variations of interactional metadiscourse markers than those of the poor writer used. For the most frequent interactional metadiscourse markers,the good writer used Engagement Marker, while the poor writer used the Self Mention as the most frequent one. It can be concluded that the use of interactional metadiscourse markers can be used as indicators of a good writer. So, it is suggested for the English teacher/lecturer to teach explicitly the use of interactional metadiscourse markers especially when the students write in academic writing.
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