Chicken feathers generated in large quantities by the poultry industry are hazardous for the natural environment because of their poor digestibility and their potential as a source of microbiological pathogens. Currently, the main method of feather waste management is the production of feather meal by steam pressure cooking. This technology requires a high energy input. The high costs of hydrothermal degradation of these wastes are conducive to finding other alternative possibilities of poultry wastes management. This paper describes the feather-utilization method with calcium oxide treatment in a rotational reactor, which leads to the production of organic-mineral fertilizers. The effectiveness of this method has been tested in chemical and microbiological analyses. The results of the study confirm the possibility of the environmental usage of utilization-products.

No abstract

Abstract:The paper presents the technology of processing Baltic cod (Gadus morhua callarias) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) backbones -by-products from fish processing -for the production of calcium preparations. The raw material for the process consisted of backbones with remaining muscle tissue, devoid of heads and fins (30 kg of each type of backbones). The processing included the following stages: cutting, preliminary processing in an alkaline environment (soaking in 2 M NaOH), processing with 0.1% citric acid, aroma removal and material disinfection (5% H 2 O 2 ), rinsing with tap water, drying, and grinding the end-product. Calcium preparations from cod (BCP) and salmon (ASP) in the amounts of 1.20 kg and 1.62 kg, respectively, characterized by high calcium content (27.79% in BCP, and 24.92% in ASP) and low protein and fat content (14.20% and 0.25% for BCP, and 10.78% and 0.12% for ASP, respectively) were obtained. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of this technology for production of calcium preparations from fish backbones.

Eggs; humic-aluminosilicate preparation; mercury.Submitted: July/2014 Approved: March/2015 ABSTRACTThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of preventivedetox preparation (P-dP) based on humic and aluminosilicate substances in the diet of laying hens (3% daily dose) previously intoxicated with methylmercury chloride (CH 3 ClHg, 5 mg Hg/kg feed mixture) for six weeks. Mercury content in the whole eggs of the group intoxicated with CH 3 ClHg increased compared to the control group: 488-fold after 1 wk, 622-fold after 2 wks, and 853-fold after 6 wks of intoxication. The use of P-dP in the group previously intoxicated with CH 3 ClHg reduced he mercury content of whole eggs by 18.4%, on average, whereas the average was 29.9% two weeks after the discontinuation of CH 3 ClHg and P-dP supply. Maximum Hg content in the whole egg was observed in group III (299.7 g), whereas the highest mercury level was obtained in the egg albumen.

An influence of various humic-plant feed additives based on some herbs (nettle, chamomile, yarrow, perforatum), lucerne and humic materials on biochemical indices of Lohmann Brown (LB) layers blood plasma was estimated. Hens were housed in deep litter system, 20 birds in a group. Four groups were formed: control (C -standard feeding), and experimental, supplemented with preparations: E-1 herbal-humic, E-2 humic-herbal and E-3 -humic-lucerne. Hens were placed in the pens on the 16 th week of life, addition of preparations with standard food mixture started at the 22 nd wk and lasted until 66 th wk of life. Blood for analyses was collected four times in the following periods: 27, 37, 54 and 65 th wk of life. The applied humic-plant preparations to a limited degree affected the values of examined biochemical parameters in serum: total protein (TP), albumins (Albs), glucose (Glu), urea, triacylglycerols (TAG), total cholesterol (TCh), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). It is difficult to determine based on these study, which preparation is one the most active biologically, however is seems that humic-lucerne preparation affected the examined blood parameters to the highest degree. The reference values ranges in hens blood serum LB hens were proposed for: TP (43-65 g/l), Albs (15-22 g/l), urea (0.5-1.2 mmol/l),