The objective was to evaluate the fermentation parameters, chemical composition and in situ degradability of sesame silage in comparison to usual silages. The losses, fermentation quality and chemical composition of the forages and silages were evaluated using a completely randomised design with four treatments (sesame, corn, millet and sunflower) and four replicates per treatment, the silages were produced in experimental silos. In-situ degradability was evaluated using a completely randomised design with four treatments and three replicates (animals) per treatment. The results were statistically evaluated by analysis of variance and Tukey's test with a level of 5% of probability. Three rumen fistulated non-castrated Santa Inês rams were used. Sunflower and corn silages presented higher percentages of losses through gases (p ¼ .0256). Millet silage presented higher losses by effluent (p < .0001). The dry matter recovery (p < .0001) ranged from 70.0 to 96.5% for sesame and corn silage, respectively. The dry matter content (p ¼ .0002) in the silages ranged from 280.0 to 429.4 g kg À1. The sesame silage presented loss amounts and fermentation parameters similar to those found in corn and sunflower silage. Sesame silage showed moderate dry matter (DM), content, excellent crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) contents, and low lignin content. Corn silage presented higher concentration of the soluble fraction of DM (p < .0001). The sesame silage presented a high degradability rate of DM and it was similar to corn and millet which have great nutritional potential for ruminants feeding. Sesame has the potential to produce quality biomass and silage for animal feeding. HIGHLIGHTS The sesame can be an option for silage making. Sesame helps to ensure sustainability by promoting lower seasonal risks in this region through the usage of silage as feed for the animals. Sesame also increases the productivity of livestock throughout the year, through the availability of feed for the herd mainly during the dry season of the year.

O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o comportamento individual e de populações de plantas de arroz híbrido originadas de sementes de alto e de baixo vigor, dentro de populações que foram constituídas de diferentes combinações de distribuição dessas plantas ao longo da linha de semeadura. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo na Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão/RS, constando de cinco tratamentos (proporções de 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% de plantas originadas de sementes de alto vigor na população). Para tanto, utilizou-se sementes de arroz do híbrido Avaxi da empresa RiceTec®, originadas de dois lotes devidamente caracterizados como alto e baixo vigor. A semeadura de cada lote foi realizada em bandejas distintas com solo como substrato. Após a emergência das plântulas foi realizado um desbaste nas bandejas, retirando as plantas mais precoces no lote de baixo vigor e as plântulas mais tardias no lote de alto vigor, com o propósito de utilizar as plântulas emergidas no dia de maior freqüência de emergência em cada um dos níveis de vigor. O transplante das plantas foi realizado aos 20 dias após a semeadura. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com 3 repetições. Avaliou-se: a estatura das plantas aos 60 Dias Após Transplante (DAT), área foliar, número de perfilhos aos 60 DAT, número de panículas por planta aos 115 DAT, número de grãos por panícula, número de grãos por planta, e rendimento de grãos por planta. As plantas originadas de sementes de alto vigor apresentaram desempenho superior às plantas provenientes de sementes de baixo vigor para as características avaliadas, independente do sistema de distribuição das plantas ao longo da linha de semeadura. O uso de sementes de alto vigor no estabelecimento de comunidades de arroz híbrido proporciona acréscimos superiores a 30% no rendimento de grãos.

Objective: Evaluate the development and gas exchange of pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings in different substrates. Study Design: A randomized complete block design was used with two genotypes, three types of substrate (2 x 3), four replicates and five plants per replicate, totaling 120 plants. Location and Duration of Study: Department of Crop Sciences of the Center for Agrarian Sciences, Universidade Federal de Paraíba in the city of Areia, Brazil, between August and October 2018. Methods: The following were the treatments: T1 – genotype 1 in commercial substrate; T2 – genotype 1 in commercial substrate + bovine manure; T3 – genotype 1 in bovine manure + sand; T4 – genotype 2 in commercial substrate; T5 – genotype 2 in commercial substrate + bovine manure; T6 – genotype 2 in bovine manure + sand. Variables analyzed: height, diameter, dry mass of shoot and root and physiological response of seedlings. Results: A significant difference at the 1% level was found for the dry matter of the seedling roots among treatments with difference substrates. A significant difference at the 1% level was also found for shoot length and a significant interaction at the 5% level was found between genotype and substrate for this characteristic. Significant effects were found with regard to the rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and carboxylation efficiency. Conclusion: The substrate with manure + sand favored the accumulation of root dry matter and shoot length. Genotype 1 exhibited its best performance with regard to photosynthesis and stomatal conduction in the treatment with the commercial substrate and demonstrated greater carboxylation efficiency than genotype 2, independently of the substrates. The pre-sprouted seedling production system needs to be explored further to obtain greater information regarding the nutritional requirements and characteristics of the genotypes.

RESUMO -O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do vigor de sementes sobre características agronômicas em plantas de arroz, híbrido Avaxi, cultivadas isoladamente. Utilizou-se dois lotes de sementes, procedentes da empresa RiceTec®, caracterizados como alto e baixo vigor. A semeadura foi realizada direto no campo, em covas espaçadas de 50 cm de forma a manterem as plantas isoladas. Foi feita a semeadura com 10 sementes por cova para permitir posterior desbaste, deixando ao final uma planta por cova. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com 20 repetições. Testaram-se dois tratamentos; plantas originadas de sementes de alto e de baixo vigor, sendo cada parcela constituída por uma única planta. A correção da fertilidade foi realizada de acordo com análise de solo e o controle de plantas invasoras realizado manualmente. Avaliou-se: altura das plantas aos 60 e 115 dias após a emergência, na ocasião da colheita o número de panículas por planta, área foliar, massa da matéria seca da parte aérea da planta, número de grãos por panícula, número de grãos por planta, peso de 1000 sementes e rendimento de grãos por planta. Conclui-se que a qualidade fisiológica das sementes utilizadas para o estabelecimento das plantas, afeta o desempenho das plantas adultas. Sementes de alto vigor originam plantas com maior potencial fisiológico o que se refle em maior crescimento e maior rendimento de grãos.Termos para indexação: Oryza sativa, potencial fisiológico. FIELD PERFORMANCE OF ISOLATED PLANTS OF HYBRID RICE IN FUNCTION OF THE SEED PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITYABSTRACT -The work had the objective of evaluating the effects of seed vigor over several agronomic characteristics of hybrid rice plants. The experiment was conducted in the didactic experimental area of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL). It was used two seed lots, which belong to the Ricetec®, characterized by presenting low and high vigor. The sowing was conducted directly on the field, in hollows distant 50 cm from each other, in order to isolate the plants. It was sowed 10 seed per hollow to allow posterior looping, leaving one plant per hollow at the end. The experiment was developed by a randomized completely block design, with 20 repetitions. Two treatments were tested; plants which were originated from low and high vigor seeds, formatting parcels constituted by only one plant. The soil fertility correction was accomplished by analyzing the soil, and the weed control was accomplished manually. The following parameters were evaluated: plant height at 60 and 115 days after plants emergence number of panicles per plant, leaf area, dry matter of the aerial

This study evaluates the development and productivity of maize plants at different spatial arrangements under rainfed conditions in cerrado-caatinga (savannah) transition zone, where characterised as semiarid. The experimental plan was Randomised Blocks Design (RBD) with four replications. This was 3×3 factorial design with three types of row spacing (0.35 m, 0.50 m, 0.75 m) and three types of population density (50,000, 65,000 plants.ha -1 , 80,000 plants.ha -1 ). The hybrid 30F53YH recommended for the region was used in this experiment. We collected the morphological parameters of five plants in each subplot for six weeks after thinning. Then, productivity data were obtained by weighing harvested grain from two representative lines of each subplot. Furthermore, all data were analysed by performing both statistical tests Tukey (p≤0.05) and Shapiro-Wilk. The best response of maize canopy architecture and productivity was in smaller spacing (0.35 m) with high population density (80,000 plants.ha -1 ). However, the total productivity index was high in recommended row spacing and population (0.70m and 50,000 plants.ha-1). Thus, smaller row spacing with a higher population (e.g. 80,000 plants.ha -1 ) can deliver better plant distribution density as a solution for production losses due to drought during maize growth stages.

This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of phosphorus at different soil base saturation in soybean production. Two experiments were conducted (greenhouse and field) in the 2016/2017 growing season in a DBC experimental design, with a factorial arrangement 3 (base saturation) x 4 (phosphorus levels), with four replications. Number of pods per plant (NVP), number of grains per plant (NGP), first pod height (A1V), number of grains per pod (NGV), one thousand grain weight (PMG) and yield (PROD) were evaluated. In the greenhouse experiment, there was a significant difference for the interaction SxP (base saturation x phosphorus levels) for the variables NVP, NGP and yield, and for the field experiment, only the yield was significant. For the base saturation, only the A1V was significant and for the phosphorus, only the NVP had a significant effect. Phosphorus fertilization in Cerrado soils increases soybean yield and has an agronomic efficiency of 14.59 kg in soils with 50% base saturation and 12.87 kg soybean grains per kilogram of phosphorus applied in soils with base saturation at 70%, within high yield standards.

This study aimed to characterize the harvest phenological stages of soybean cultivars intended for silage. Cultivars were evaluated for dry weight of the composite sample, branches, leaves and pods; wet mass of branches, leaves, pods and ground natural matter. This experiment was a 3 x 2 factorial randomized block design, with four replications each, where the first factor corresponds to the harvest stage: R4, R5 and R6; and the second factor refers to two soybean maturity groups (8.0 and 8.1). A significant interaction was detected only for ground natural matter. Higher values of most traits evaluated were observed for the R6 harvest phenological stage. The cultivar with maturity group 8.0 showed higher values for ground natural matter.

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