The cactus pear has demonstrated productive potential in arid and semi-arid regions due to its photosynthetic process of crassulacean acid metabolism. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate agronomic characteristics and chemical composition of three genotypes of cactus pear at different locations of a tropical semiarid region classified as non-suitable for cactus pear cultivation. A completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement (3 × 7) (three genotypes of cactus pear [Miúda, Baiana (Nopalea cochenillifera) and Orelha de Efefante Mexicana - OEM (Opuntia stricta)] and seven locations) was used. The climatic conditions characterized an environment that restricts the growth of cactus pear genotypes, mainly due to the air relative humidity values. All morphological characteristics of the cactus pear genotypes were influenced by the interaction genotype x location, with higher expression of the characteristics on the different genotypes under hot semi-arid climate and tropical wet and dry climate. An effect of the interaction genotype x location was observed (p < 0.05) on water use efficiency, water accumulation and carrying capacity, where the highest values were observed for genotype Baiana at location 1. Also, there was influence of the interaction genotype x location over the chemical composition of the cactus pear. The cultivation of cactus pear is recommended under restricted climatic conditions in semi-arid tropical regions, especially the genotype Baiana, based on growth factors, biomass production and chemical composition.
The objective was to evaluate the fermentation parameters, chemical composition and in situ degradability of sesame silage in comparison to usual silages. The losses, fermentation quality and chemical composition of the forages and silages were evaluated using a completely randomised design with four treatments (sesame, corn, millet and sunflower) and four replicates per treatment, the silages were produced in experimental silos. In-situ degradability was evaluated using a completely randomised design with four treatments and three replicates (animals) per treatment. The results were statistically evaluated by analysis of variance and Tukey's test with a level of 5% of probability. Three rumen fistulated non-castrated Santa Inês rams were used. Sunflower and corn silages presented higher percentages of losses through gases (p ¼ .0256). Millet silage presented higher losses by effluent (p < .0001). The dry matter recovery (p < .0001) ranged from 70.0 to 96.5% for sesame and corn silage, respectively. The dry matter content (p ¼ .0002) in the silages ranged from 280.0 to 429.4 g kg À1. The sesame silage presented loss amounts and fermentation parameters similar to those found in corn and sunflower silage. Sesame silage showed moderate dry matter (DM), content, excellent crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) contents, and low lignin content. Corn silage presented higher concentration of the soluble fraction of DM (p < .0001). The sesame silage presented a high degradability rate of DM and it was similar to corn and millet which have great nutritional potential for ruminants feeding. Sesame has the potential to produce quality biomass and silage for animal feeding. HIGHLIGHTS The sesame can be an option for silage making. Sesame helps to ensure sustainability by promoting lower seasonal risks in this region through the usage of silage as feed for the animals. Sesame also increases the productivity of livestock throughout the year, through the availability of feed for the herd mainly during the dry season of the year.
Palavras chave adicionaisAlimentos alternativos. Cactos. Forragem. Ruminantes.resUMo Devido às suas características fisiológicas de economia e uso da água, as cactáceas permanecem suculentas durante períodos de seca, constituindo uma fonte alimentar alternativa principalmente durante a escassez de forragem e como fonte de água para os animais. Dentre as cactáceas mais usadas como forrageiras no Brasil tem o mandacaru, xiquexique, facheiro, coroa-de-frade e palma forrageira. O método mais usual da colheita das cactáceas é manual, com fornecimento direto no cocho para os animais, no entanto esta atividade diária aumenta a mão de obra e onera os custos de produção. O armazenamento desse material após a colheita por longos dias, surge como uma alternativa para minimizar os custos, e até mesmo transportar para longas distâncias, aumentando assim a segurança alimentar dos rebanhos, principalmente nas épocas secas. No entanto pouco são os trabalhos quanto ao efeito do período de armazenamento na composição e qualidade nutricional dessas plantas na alimentação animal. Dessa forma, essa revisão foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de abordar o uso das cactáceas na alimentação animal e o seu armazenamento após a colheita. inforMation Cronología del artículo. Recibido/Use of cacti in animal feed and post-harvest storage sUMMarY Due to their physiological characteristics of water use and economy, cacti remain succulent during periods of drought, constituting an alternative feed source, mainly during forage scarcity and as a source of water for animals. Among the most used cactaceae as foragesin Brazil has mandacaru, xiquexique, facheiro, coroa-de-frade and forage palm. The most common method of harvesting cacti is manual, with direct feed into the trough for animals, however this daily activity increases manpower and costs production costs. The storage of this material after harvesting for long days appears as an alternative to minimize costs, and even transport for long distances, thus increasing the food security of the herds, especially in the dry seasons. However, there is little work on the effect of the storage period on the composition and nutritional quality of these plants in animal feed. Thus, this review was developed with the objective of approaching the use of cactaceae in animal feed and their storage after harvest. additional keYwords Alternative feeds. Cacti. Forage. Ruminants.
Objetivou-se obter informações atuais sobre morfologia, frequência de colheita e ensilagem de palma forrageira. O crescimento e o desenvolvimento satisfatório na palma forrageira dependem da combinação adequada do manejo cultural, dos fatores ambientais e do potencial genético da variedade. A colheita é realizada com 1,5 a 2 anos ou mais, e dependendo do desenvolvimento da cultura de acordo as condições do solo e clima, possivelmente poderá ser feito o corte anual. Recursos de utilização de irrigação em pequenas quantidades e frequência pode aumentar a frequência de corte. Existem muitas variações nas características morfologias, e quando é priorizado acréscimo na produção de matéria seca em toneladas por hectare a cada dois anos, deve-se priorizar a seleção de clones de maior altura e largura da planta. Por apresentar cladódios ricos em carboidratos solúveis e água, antioxidantes, fibras dietéticas, vitaminas e apresentar massas viscosas na água devido a mucilagem, a palma forrageira pode ser ensilada. A frequência de colheita depende da necessidade dos produtores. A colheita influência nas características morfológicas. A palma pode ser ensilada em diferente frequência de corte, no entanto.
There are large morphological variations between sorghum hybrids. Forage production among sorghum hybrids varies up to 61.76 t ha -1 . The chemical composition of sorghum is influenced by its morphology.
Sesamum indicum L. has the potential to be cultivated as a forage plant in hot and dry climate regions, and it can be used to increase the food security of a herd. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth, production, and chemical composition of S. indicum compared with conventional forages used for silage production. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with split-plots related to time and four replicates per treatment. The plots consisted of four treatments (Zea mays L., Helianthus annuus L., Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br., and S. indicum), and the subplots were two evaluation periods (2014 and 2016 harvests). Dry forage biomass production differed among the species in the 2014 harvest with values of 25 530, 12 190, 9408, and 9250 kg ha-1 for Z. mays, S. indicum, H. annuus, and P. glaucum, respectively. Maize had a greater variation in forage production between the 2 yr, followed by S. indicum. There were higher dry matter (DM) contents (P < 0.0001) for Z. mays and S. indicum (404.5 and 251.7 g kg-1 , respectively). Regarding crude protein, H. annuus and S. indicum had levels of 167.2 and 117.7 g kg-1 , respectively. According to the results, it can be inferred that sesame, like millet, provides greater feeding security for ruminant herds in regions with irregular rainfall.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential hay production from Spiny Amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus), Hairy Woodrose (Merremia aegyptia), Malva (Sida galheirensis), Mucuna (Mucuna pruriens) and Ervanço (Froelichia humboldtiana), native forage species of the semiarid region of Brazil by observing morphological components of the plant, such as the dehydration curve, crude protein loss (CPL) curve, chemical composition of plant and hay and hay degradability in situ. There were differences (P < 0.05) among species on leaf, stem and inflorescence quantification with Ervanço, Hairy Woodrose, and Mucuna having a greater number of leaves. There was a linearly increasing response for the dehydration curve of the five forage plants species. Mucuna forage had the greatest hay point at 800 g kg-1 dried matter (DM) after 11.8 hours and Woodrose had a lower dehydration efficiency, which required 25 hours of sun exposure. There was no difference in CPL. Mucuna had the lowest crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content, 8.4, 67.7 and 73.8 g kg DM-1 in hay in relation to the plant, respectively. Ervanço, Spiny Amaranth, Hairy Woodrose and Malva hay had more of soluble fraction “a” of DM of 31.0, 26.2, 22.1 and 9.7 g kg-1 DM than Mucuna, respectively. Spiny Amaranth and Malva hay had values of 335.4 and 193.2 g kg-1 DM of fraction “b” more than Ervanço hay, respectively. For fraction “a’’ of CP, Spiny Amaranth and Hairy Woodrose hay obtained 312.6 and 227.4 g kg-1 CP more than that observed for Malva, respectively. Mucuna had better hay potential among the forage studied in the semiarid region of Brazil.
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