The cactus pear has demonstrated productive potential in arid and semi-arid regions due to its photosynthetic process of crassulacean acid metabolism. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate agronomic characteristics and chemical composition of three genotypes of cactus pear at different locations of a tropical semiarid region classified as non-suitable for cactus pear cultivation. A completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement (3 × 7) (three genotypes of cactus pear [Miúda, Baiana (Nopalea cochenillifera) and Orelha de Efefante Mexicana - OEM (Opuntia stricta)] and seven locations) was used. The climatic conditions characterized an environment that restricts the growth of cactus pear genotypes, mainly due to the air relative humidity values. All morphological characteristics of the cactus pear genotypes were influenced by the interaction genotype x location, with higher expression of the characteristics on the different genotypes under hot semi-arid climate and tropical wet and dry climate. An effect of the interaction genotype x location was observed (p < 0.05) on water use efficiency, water accumulation and carrying capacity, where the highest values were observed for genotype Baiana at location 1. Also, there was influence of the interaction genotype x location over the chemical composition of the cactus pear. The cultivation of cactus pear is recommended under restricted climatic conditions in semi-arid tropical regions, especially the genotype Baiana, based on growth factors, biomass production and chemical composition.
The objective of this study was to assess the agronomic and nutritional responses of the elephant grass cultivar Carajas when subjected to fertilization with protected and conventional urea. A randomized block design with 4×2+1 factorial arrangement was adopted. The treatments consisted of four doses (100, 200, 400, and 800 kg N ha-1), two nitrogen sources (conventional and protected urea), and one additional treatment without fertilization. The experiment was carried out from October 2015 to March 2016, in a semi-arid region with a dystrophic yellow latosol type soil. The application of conventional urea was done with each of the multiple cuts performed per year, whereas the protected urea was applied in a single dose. Total senescence rate (TSR), leaf and stem elongation, height, tiller density, total forage biomass, green leaf and stem biomass, and dry matter all increased with increasing N doses. However, the phyllochron, live material/dead material ratio, and agronomic efficiency all decreased with N increasing dose. Plants fertilized with protected urea presented greater TSR and phyllochron. Mineral matter content was higher in plants fertilized with conventional urea. Neutral detergent fiber content was maximized at a dose of 437.63 kg N ha-1. The protected urea resulted in a higher value of leaf/stem ratio at the 400 kg N ha-1 dose, whereas ether extract and crude protein at the 800 kg N ha-1. With application of conventional urea, the highest crude protein value occurred at a dose of 100 kg N ha-1. The morphogenesis, structure, production, and chemical composition of elephant grass ‘Carajas’ were all positively influenced when nitrogen doses were increased, with the recommended optimal dose for use being 400 kg N ha-1 for both sources. The use of protected urea is recommended because of its slow release and need for only a single application.
Resumo -Para uma pecuária precoce e racional eficiente tem-se que, alcançar o equilíbrio biológico entre o valor forrageiro da planta, ou das plantas que compõem a pastagem, e do tipo de animal, para assim assegurar tanto a produtividade como a sustentabilidade do sistema. Assim o continuo ajuste entre as necessidades energéticas e protéicas de bovinos e a oferta de nutrientes através da pastagem e Ood bovinosrto. uplementaçorna essencialconfusa, seria melhor desta maneira: Assim o continuo ajuste entre a demanda e a fo uso estratégico de suplementação se torna essencial na pecuária de ciclo curto. Isto se consegue com um bom manejo das pastagens e o uso estratégico de suplemento. Partindo disto, esta revisão de literatura vem a objetivar fornecer informações sobre a bovinocultura de ciclo curto em pastagem. Palavras chaves -Bovino. Desempenho. Precoce. Pastejo.Abstract -For efficient early and rational livestock one has to achieve biological balance between forage value of the plant, or plants that make up the pasture, and the type of animal, thus ensuring both productivity and sustainability of the system. Thus the continuous adjustment between energy and protein requirements of cattle and nutrient supply through grassland and strategic supplementation use becomes essential in the short-cycle livestock. This is achieved with a good pasture management and the strategic use of supplement. From this, this literature review is to objectify provide information on the cattle grazing in short cycle.
The study aims evaluate the effect of phosphate fertilization on yield, chemical composition and in situ degradability of different cactus pear genotypes under semi-arid climate conditions. A randomized complete block design was adopted, the plots being three cactus pear genotypes [Doce and Baiano (Nopalea cochenillifera) and Mexicano (Opuntia tuna)] and the subplots being four phosphorus levels in the soil (0; 30; 60 and 90 kg P ha-1 year). The highest total green forage mass yield (TGFM) was observed in the genotype Mexicano with 87,830 ± 4,220 kg ha-1, and there was an increase of 34,630 kg ha-1 of TGFM when 90 kg of P ha-1 was used. The neutral detergent fiber content showed linear response with increase of 0.285 g kg-1 for each kg of phosphorus applied. Regarding the genotype Doce, the highest degradation values of fractions “a”, "b" and "c" of the dry matter (DM) were observed at the levels 90, 0 and 90 kg P ha-1 year, respectively, and of the crude protein (CP) at the levels 0; 0 and 60 kg P ha-1 year, respectively. Phosphate fertilization increases yield and improves the nutritional value of cactus genotypes in region of semi-arid climate.
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