Objective: Evaluate the development and gas exchange of pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings in different substrates. Study Design: A randomized complete block design was used with two genotypes, three types of substrate (2 x 3), four replicates and five plants per replicate, totaling 120 plants. Location and Duration of Study: Department of Crop Sciences of the Center for Agrarian Sciences, Universidade Federal de Paraíba in the city of Areia, Brazil, between August and October 2018. Methods: The following were the treatments: T1 – genotype 1 in commercial substrate; T2 – genotype 1 in commercial substrate + bovine manure; T3 – genotype 1 in bovine manure + sand; T4 – genotype 2 in commercial substrate; T5 – genotype 2 in commercial substrate + bovine manure; T6 – genotype 2 in bovine manure + sand. Variables analyzed: height, diameter, dry mass of shoot and root and physiological response of seedlings. Results: A significant difference at the 1% level was found for the dry matter of the seedling roots among treatments with difference substrates. A significant difference at the 1% level was also found for shoot length and a significant interaction at the 5% level was found between genotype and substrate for this characteristic. Significant effects were found with regard to the rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and carboxylation efficiency. Conclusion: The substrate with manure + sand favored the accumulation of root dry matter and shoot length. Genotype 1 exhibited its best performance with regard to photosynthesis and stomatal conduction in the treatment with the commercial substrate and demonstrated greater carboxylation efficiency than genotype 2, independently of the substrates. The pre-sprouted seedling production system needs to be explored further to obtain greater information regarding the nutritional requirements and characteristics of the genotypes.
O pepino (Cucumis sativus L.) é uma hortaliça fruto de hábito indeterminado e anual, sendo muito apreciada em todas as regiões brasileiras. A grande versatilidade oferecida por esta cultura permite sua exploração em diferentes condições edafoclimáticas e níveis tecnológicos, garantindo sua importância econômica e social dentro do agronegócio de hortaliças no Brasil. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a qualidade de Dickson e as características morfológicas das mudas de pepino, produzidas em diferentes substratos obtido através do aproveitamento de recursos locais da região de Paragominas- Pará. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, campus de Paragominas, na área experimental de Horticultura, durante o período de fevereiro a março de 2016, utilizou-se o delineamento estatístico inteiramente casualizados, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram quatro substratos: resíduo de soja; palha de arroz; substrato comercial, e mistura. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características, altura, massa fresca, massa seca, massa fresca da raiz, massa seca da raiz, diâmetro, número de folhas e Índice de Qualidade de Dickson. Todos os dados foram analisados estatisticamente através do programa SISVAR, com teste F ao nível de 5% de probabilidade e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. Mediante aos resultados para os quatro tratamentos propostos utilizados para a produção de mudas de pepino, foi possível constatar que o substrato mistura favoreceu o crescimento das mudas em comparação aos demais tratamentos, se sobressaindo também para os resultados obtidos para Índice de Qualidade de Dickson. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Crescimento, Hortaliça, Palha de arroz, Resíduo de soja.
Nectarine contain relevant amounts of antioxidants, including hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, anthocyanins, procyanidins, and carotenoids. The aim of this research was to compare the efficiency of DPPH and FRAP assays to estimate antioxidant activities contents in nectarine minimally processed. Moreover, separation of organic acids, phenolic compounds and carotenoids were done by HPLC. Nectarine fruits ‘R48’ cv. were hand harvested, with 80% of their reddish coloration. The following treatments were applied: Control; 1% citric acid + 1% calcium chloride as anti-browning (AB) agent; 4 KJ m-2 UV-C radiation; 8 KJ m-2 UV-C; 12 KJ m-2 UV-C ; AB + 95 kPa O2 (High O2); AB + 4 KJ m-2 UV-C + High O2; AB + 8 kJ m-2 UV-C + High O2 and AB + 12 KJ m-2 UV-C + High O2. We determined antioxidant activity to DPPH; antioxidant activity to FRAP; total phenols and HPLC-DAD analyses. In general the DPPH showed higher efficiency of antioxidant concentration in comparison with FRAP in minimally processed nectarines. There was clear trend in phenolic content in fresh-cut nectarine the treatment AB + 8 kJ m-2UV-C + High O2. The 22 minimally processed nectarine phenolic compounds were studied and quantified by HPLC, being detected: Hydroxycinnamates, flavonols, and anthocyanins. These results allow to conclude that the most abundant compounds found in this study of fresh-cut nectarine were chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and ellagic acid with HPLC chromatograms were recorded at 280 nm, quercentin 3-galactoside, quercetin 3- Xyloside at 340nm and Cyanidin 3- glucoside at 510nm.
Efficient nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications in onion (Allium cepa L.) can reduce input costs and improve fertilizer-use efficiency, while maintaining high yields and quality. Understanding the N requirements of onion at different growth stages is necessary to enhance fertilizer N-use efficiency (FNUE). In a two-year study (2021 and 2022), the FNUE of onions was determined at five stages of development (at transplant, vegetative growth, bulb initiation, bulb swelling and bulb maturation). The FNUE was estimated by substituting a conventional N fertilizer (ammonium nitrate) with a 5% enriched 15N ammonium nitrate at a rate of 22.4 kg·ha−1 N, at one of five application times corresponding to a stage of development. All onions received a season total of 112 kg·ha−1 N. Marketable yield of onions was significantly greater in 2022 compared to 2021 and FNUE was affected by application timing in both years. In 2021, the FNUE at transplant was 8.9%, increasing to 26.4% and 35.28% at vegetative growth and bulb initiation stages, respectively. At bulb swelling and bulb maturation stages, FNUE was greater than 95%. In 2022, the FNUE at transplant was 25.2%. This increased to 75.7% and 103% at vegetative growth and bulb initiation stages, respectively. Results suggest that the application of fertilizer N at transplant is inefficient due to limited plant uptake ability, while N applications during bulb initiation and swelling were the most efficient.
/agrariacad Uso de resíduos orgânicos como substratos alternativos para formação de mudas de repolho Use of organic residues as alternative substrates for the formation of cabbage seedlings
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