As the Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Facilities Management industry undergoes a profound change with Building Information Modeling (BIM), it seems the right moment to properly re-structure the inherent processes to promote a new wave of innovation. To leverage digital information from each individual project into business value for the whole industry, researchers must borrow knowledge and solutions from computational fields, such as Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Data Mining and Data Science. They will provide a guide to the development, and even transformation of current BIM processes, with potential for development of new tools and automation of many tasks. What is not entirely clear is if BIM could take advantage also from Big Data Analytics, as some professionals are been advocating. In this paper, the author analyzes Big Data problems and the BIM context, and argues that BIM could not immediately take advantage from Big Datainfrastructure. Nevertheless, a route of development is suggested, which extends BIM from its predominantly building-focused models to models that encompass an entire city, which certainly will demand Big Data Analytics. Thus, a new City Information Modeling seems to be the right path of development for BIM as it turns to be integrated with Geographic Information Systems and will lead to tools that would be adequate for future Smart Cities planning and management.

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-Construction industry must make more extensively use of automation and robots in order to increase its productivity and reduce its impact in the environment. It seems that the first steps in this direction was taken with the Building Information Modeling (BIM) paradigm. Wide adoption of BIM, particularly for the activities of project and construction planning, could be exploited also in trying to introduce more control to the final processes of building construction through a computer interface, from design to production. The main motivation for this research is to study the impact of BIM in bridging the gap between design and construction. Considering the growing interest in applying additive manufacturing technology for future building construction, this paper proposes a computer-aided system that translates a generic architectural project in a set of pieces to be fabricated with 3D printers. The system uses a proposed set of algorithms to process the architectural project: it considers the division of the building in different parts or pieces to be fabricated, based on the work volume of the printer; it also considers the relative position of the part in the bed of the printer, for best results in production; minimum dimension of features to achieve mechanical resistance; and geometric features that would demand support material. IFC standard, in its fourth version, was analyzed for validation in the process to carry all the relevant information produced in design phases to fabrication.

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Analysis and design BIM Building Information Modeling BCF BIM Collaboration Format BoQ Bill of quantities CAD Computer-aided Design CAE Computer-aided Engineering CAM Computer-aided Manufacturing CHS Circular Hollow Sections CIM City Information Modeling COO Coordination dashboard COM Comparison dashboard

ResumoAproveitando os esforços, tanto da indústria dentro do paradigma da Modelagem da Informação da Construção (BIM) em estender o esquema de dados Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) para abarcar projetos de infraestrutura, quanto da academia com trabalhos de integração entre o BIM e os Sistemas de Informação Geográficos (SIG), poder-se-ia considerar a relevância deste cenário no desenvolvimento de uma futura Modelagem da Informação da Cidade (City Information Modeling -CIM). Este cenário traduz-se na busca pelo modelo mais apropriado na captura da semântica e da representação geométrica dos objetos pertinentes ao escopo de uma cidade. A semântica é a parte mais relevante, já que permite a aplicação do modelo a diferentes tipos de análises e simulações. Este artigo irá tratar especificamente das iniciativas dentro da buildingSMART para introduzir estradas, túneis, pontes e terraplanagem ao IFC4, estando em comum acordo com as especificações CityGML e InfraGML/LandXML da Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). Deste modo, será discutida a literatura direcionada à integração entre BIM e SIG para analisar o impacto destas soluções para uma futura CIM. O trabalho consiste de uma discussão teórica, de caráter exploratório, para entender os possíveis caminhos para o desenvolvimento do CIM. Palavras-chave: BIM. CIM. IFC. AbstractFollowing efforts from industry on the Building Information Modeling (BIM) paradigm in extending Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) to infrastructure, and from academia with studies on integration of BIM and Geographical Information Systems (GIS), it is considered the relevance of this scenario in the future development of a City Information Modeling (CIM). This scenario translates in the search for the appropriate model that captures the semantics and geometric representation of objects that belongs to the context of a city. Semantics is the most important part, as it allows for the application of the model to different types of analysis and simulations. This article will treat specifically of the initiatives of the buildingSMART to introduce roads, tunnels, bridges, and earthwork in IFC4, which are in common accord with CityGML and InfraGML/LandXML from Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). In this manner, it will be discussed the literature focused in the integration of BIM and GIS to analyze the impact of these solutions to the future of CIM. The work constitutes itself in a theoretical discussion, of exploratory character, to understand the possible ways in the development of CIM.