The success of breeding programs depends on selection procedures and on the breeding methods adopted for selecting segregating populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the Bulk method with selection in the F3 generation (BulkF3) compared to that of Bulk method as well as determine the most effective selection strategy in terms of genetic gain. Twenty segregating populations were selected by two methods. The 60 best families of each method were selected according to their average agronomic performance. An augmented block design was used. The following agronomic traits were evaluated: insertion height of first pod, plant height at maturity, number of branches and of pods per plant, 100-seed weight, and grain yield. For comparison of the methods, genetic component estimates, genetic gain and predicted breeding values were calculated using mixed models (REML and BLUP). The results showed the families obtained with the BulkF3 method were more productive, showed suitable plant height, a larger number of branches and pods, and higher 100-seed weight. The BulkF3 method was found to be an effective selection strategy for soybean improvement.
<p>O presente trabalho relata a aplicação de uma oficina pedagógica, realizada na Unidade Escolar Rosa Teixeira de Castro, localizada na cidade de São Raimundo Nonato - PI. O público-alvo era composto de alunos do 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental I. O objetivo da oficina foi despertar o interesse dos alunos e professores para questões que rodeiam a temática ambiental. Com a execução da oficina, foi possível demonstrar como materiais simples, utilizados no dia a dia, podem, com criatividade, transformar-se em brinquedos e jogos, ganhando assim uma nova forma e uma nova simbologia. A produção e utilização das ferramentas pedagógicas, obtidas por meio da manipulação dos materiais recicláveis, estimularam a curiosidade dos alunos sobre os conteúdos didáticos utilizados na proposta lúdica, o que contribuiu com o fortalecimento das interações sociais dentro da sala de aula, além de terem sido observado indícios da apropriação sobre “um pensar e agir ecológico” pelos alunos.</p>
Path analysis is an important study that slices the correlation coefficients between two variables to evaluate whether the relationship between them is of cause and effect. This study aimed to estimate the phenotypic and genotypic correlations between agronomic traits and perform a path analysis in order to identify variables for indirect selection aiming at a higher grain yield. Fourteen soybean F6 lines from the soybean breeding program of FCAV–UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil, were analyzed. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The agronomic traits plant height at maturity (PHM), first pod height (FPH), lodging (Ld), agronomic value (AV), number of pods per plant (NP), number of seeds per plant (NS), and grain yield (GY) were evaluated. Overall, the genotypic correlations were higher than their corresponding phenotypic correlations. The genotypic correlations between grain yield and the traits agronomic value, number of pods per plant, and number of seeds per plant were positive, significant, and of high magnitude. Path analysis showed that the trait number of seeds per plant had the highest direct effect on grain yield, while the trait number of pods per plant had the highest indirect effect through the number of seeds per plant on grain yield
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