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We conclude that severe hypoglycemic events represent a substantial cost for society and in particular for the hospitals of the National Health Service.

Transpiration (E), diffusive resistance (r s ) and anatomical parameters were measured in plants of four grafted umbu tree genotypes (GBUs 44, 48, 50 and 68) in order to evaluate alterations induced by intermittent drought and possible genotypic variations. Transpiration measurements were taken daily until stomatal closure by withholding water. Measurements were also taken, when the plants were re-watered and the watering was interrupted again. This cycle was repeated for a period of 31 days (stress period). The control plants were also irrigated daily. A regular pattern in the stomatal opening/closing mechanism was observed throughout the watering period, exhibiting intra-specific differences. Stomatal behavior of GBU 44 and GBU 68 had correlation with air temperature (Tar), relative humidity (RH) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD), whereas GBU 50 had correlation with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). GBU 48 had no correlation with these environmental factors. Anatomical alterations in response to drought were observed in stomatal density (SD), reductions in the stomatal index (SI) and stomatal aperture size (SA). The anatomical features of the GBU 48 genotype remained unaltered. There was an inversion in tissue proportion in GBU 44 under stress conditions, reducing the spongy parenchyma and increasing palisade parenchyma thickness. The inverse occurred with GBU 68, while the remaining genotypes were unaltered. The results found in this study suggest that GBU 68 is the most drought-sensitive genotype and anatomical changes induced by intermittent drought are not enough to explain the physiological differences between genotypes.Key words: diffusive resistance, Spondias tuberosa, stomatal density, transpiration, water deficitMudanças estomáticas e anatômicas induzidas pela seca intermitente em quatro genótipos de umbuzeiro: A transpiração (E), a resistência difusiva (r s ) e parâmetros anatômicos foram medidos em mudas enxertadas de quarto genótipos de umbuzeiro (BGU s 44, 48, 50 and 68) com o objetivo de avaliar alterações e possíveis variações genotípicas induzidas pela seca intermitente. As medidas de transpiração foram tomadas diariamente até ocorrer o fechamento estomático das plantas sob suspensão da irrigação, e após a reirrigação e suspensão da rega novamente, repetindo-se este ciclo por um período de 31 dias (período de estresse). As plantas controle foram irrigadas diariamente. Foi observado um padrão regular no mecanismo de abertura e fechamento estomático ao longo dos períodos de rega, exibindo diferenças entre os genótipos. O comportamento estomático dos genótipos BGU 44 e BGU 68 se correlacionaram com a temperatura do ar (Tar), umidade relativa (RH) e déficit de pressão de vapor (VPD), enquanto que o BGU 50 apresentou correlação com a radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (PAR). BGU 48 não apresentou correlação com os fatores ambientais. Foram observadas alterações anatômicas em resposta à seca na densidade estomática (SD), reduções no índice estomático (SI) e abertura do ostíolo (SA). As carac...

In order to evaluate changes in leaf water potential (ψw) and solute accumulation induced by intermittent drought, an research was performed under greenhouse conditions using four umbu tree genotypes (GBU 44, GBU 48, GBU 50 and GBU 68) and two water treatments (control and stressed by withholding water), with four replicates. The ψw was measured in four-hour intervals during a 24-hour period at the first stomatal closure and at the end of the experimental period. Carbohydrates, amino acids, protein and proline contents were also evaluated in leaves and roots. Significant differences were found in most of the studied parameters. The lower ψw hour was between 800 h and 1200 h. GBU 50 reduced significantly ψw in stressed plants at 800 h, while control plants reduced at 1200 h . GBU 68 presented the higher ψw. The extending of the stress induced reductions to carbohydrates in the leaves of all genotypes, increases in amino acids to GBU 44 and 48, and reductions of 40% and 43% to GBU 50 and 68, respectively; results also showed alterations in proline content. In the roots, increases in carbohydrates were observed only in GBU 48. Alterations in amino acids, protein, and proline were verified. Umbu trees presented isohydric behavior maintaining high leaf water potential and a great variability in organic solutes accumulation in response to drought with marked differences among the genotypes.

RESUMO -A espécie Passiflora cincinnata Mast., pertencente à família Passifloraceae, é silvestre e popularmente conhecida como maracujá-do-mato, sendo considerada importante na produção de porta-enxertos, uma vez que é tolerante à seca, a doenças causadas por bactérias e a nematóides, além de poder ser utilizada em programas de melhoramento genético. O trabalho teve como objetivos estudar o efeito da luz e da temperatura e a interação entre temperatura e reguladores vegetais na germinação de sementes de Passiflora cincinnata Mast. Foi constituído de três experimentos: no primeiro, estudou-se o efeito da luz e da temperatura na germinação de sementes; no segundo, o efeito de diferentes concentrações dos reguladores vegetais GA 4+7 + N-(fenilmetil)-aminopurina na germinação das sementes e, no terceiro, a interação entre temperatura e reguladores vegetais na germinação das sementes. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado para todos os experimentos e os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e comparação das médias pelo teste Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. É possível observar que a luz exerce efeito inibitório sobre a germinação das sementes, e que os reguladores vegetais, GA 4+7 + N-(fenilmetil)-aminopurina, são eficientes na superação da dormência, além de ampliarem os limites de temperatura da germinação. A temperatura alternada 20-30ºC mostra-se a mais adequada para a germinação de sementes dessa espécie.Termos para indexação: maracujá, passifloráceas, propagação. PHOTOPERIOD, TEMPERATURE AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON GERMINATION OF Passiflora cincinnata SEEDSABSTRACT -The species Passiflora cincinnata Mast., which belongs to the Passifloraceae family, is wild and commonly known as Crato Passion Fruit and it is also considered potentially important for rootstock production due to its tolerance to drought, bacterial diseases and nematodes. It can also be used in genetic breeding programs. This objective of this research was to study the effect of light and temperature and the interaction between temperature and plant growth regulators, on Passiflora cincinnata Mast. seed germination. Three experiments were developed: the first verified the effect of light and temperature on seed germination; the second, the effect of different concentrations of GA 4+7

MCE detected abnormal perfusion reserve in patients with SCD, which correlated with systolic function indices. This suggests that perfusion plays a role in SCD ventricular dysfunction.

RESUMO -Este trabalho teve como finalidade estimar a divergência genética entre acessos de maracujazeiro (Passiflora cincinnata Mast.) conservados na coleção de trabalho da Embrapa Semi-Árido, em Petrolina-PE. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. A avaliação foi realizada em 32 acessos, com base em 23 caracteres: dois relativos à planta, três às folhas, seis às flores, quatro aos frutos, quatro às sementes, dois às características químicas dos frutos e dois à produção. O comportamento dos acessos foi pesquisado pelas análises univariada e multivariada, com estimativas das dissimilaridades obtidas pela distância generalizada de Mahalanobis (D 2 ) e formação do agrupamento pelo método de Tocher. Os acessos apresentaram variabilidade genética para todos os descritores utilizados na avaliação. As distâncias genéticas entre pares de acessos variaram de 17 a 598, com média 152. O acesso 18-D0542 foi indicado como o mais divergente e o mais produtivo, devendo compor programas de intercruzamentos e ser recomendado para cultivos experimentais por produtores. As características de maior importância para a divergência genética foram: a massa total dos frutos (42,29%), a viabilidade de pólen (8,62%) e a área foliar (7,16%). O agrupamento dos acessos não se correlaciona às Unidades Geoambientais originais de coleta.Termos para indexação: variabilidade, morfologia, análise multivariada, maracujá, germoplasma. GENETIC DIVERGENCE AMONG PASSIFLORA CINCINNATA MAST ACCESSIONS BASED ON MORPHOAGRONOMIC DESCRIPTORSABSTRACT -This study had the objective of evaluating the genetic divergence among passion fruit (Passiflora cincinnata Mast.) accessions maintained in the collection of Embrapa Tropical Semi-Arid, Petrolina-PE, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Thirty-two accessions were evaluated considering thirty-three characters: two related to the plant, three to the leaves, six to the flowers, four to the fruits, four to the seeds, two to the chemical characteristics of fruits and two to the yield. The behaviour of accessions was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses, with dissimilarities obtained by the generalized distance of Mahalanobis (D 2 ) and the grouping technique by the Tocher method. The accessions showed genetic variability for all the evaluated descriptors. The genetic distances between pairs of accessions ranged from 17 to 598, with an average of 152. The accessions indicated as the most divergent should be included in intercross programs and recommended to experimental growing at farm level. The characteristics which most contributed to genetic divergence were total fruit yield (42.29%), pollen viability (8.62%) and leaf area (7.16%). The accessions grouping was not correlated to the original Geo-Environmental Units.

Aims: To analyse the prevalence of severe hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) treated with antihyperglycaemic agents (AHA) and requiring emergency room (ER) assistance, and to analyse the prevalence according to type of AHA therapy.Methods: The present study, the Hypoglycaemia In Portugal Observational Study-Emergency Room (HIPOS-ER), was a cross-sectional, observational, multicentre, nationwide study, with specific hypoglycaemia source data collection.Results: Within the study period, a total of 425 706 admissions were recorded in the ERs of participating hospitals. The prevalence of severe hypoglycaemic episodes in patients with T2DM was 0.074%. In all, 238 patients were included, more than half of whom were on insulin-based therapy (55.0%) and a third of whom (31.5%) were on oral secretagogue-based therapy. In 61.2% of patients primary care was the main diabetes care setting. The median patient age was 77.5 years and the mean duration of diabetes was 19 years. Missing a meal or low carbohydrate meal content was the most frequent cause of hypoglycaemia (55.9%) and the most frequent triggers for seeking emergency assistance were pre-syncope (19.2%) and transient loss of consciousness (17.4%). A total of 44.1% of patients were hospitalized for a median of 5.1 days. Patients in the secretagogue group were admitted to hospital more often than patients in the insulin group (70.7% vs 29.0%; P < .001). Nine patients died.Conclusions: These findings confirm that severe hypoglycaemia in patients with T2DM requiring ER assistance occurs mainly in those on insulin-and secretagogue-based therapies and is associated with a significant medical burden. Antidiabetic therapy should be individualized to minimize the risk of severe iatrogenic hypoglycaemia, and any intervention to this end should always involve primary care stakeholders. K E Y W O R D Shypoglycaemia, type 2 diabetes, emergency department