Herrn Prof. Dr. Christian Wandrey zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet Die Digitalisierung von Prozessen ist eines der aktuell dominierenden Themen und Missionen sowohl in der industriellen Produktion als auch der wissenschaftlichen Forschung. In der Biotechnologie haben diese Bemu ¨hungen ein enormes Potenzial, um existierende Bioprozesse zu optimieren oder neue Bioprozesse fu ¨r zuku ¨nftige Herausforderungen zu entwickeln. In diesem U ¨bersichtsbeitrag wird der aktuelle Stand der Digitalisierung in der Bioprozesstechnik beleuchtet, die Begriffe digitaler Zwilling und digitaler Schatten charakterisiert sowie ein Ausblick auf zuku ¨nftige Lab 4.0-Konzepte gegeben.
In this report, a fully integrated solution for laboratory digitization is presented. The approach presents a flexible and complete integration method for the digitally assisted workflow. The worker in the laboratory performs procedures in direct interaction with the digitized infrastructure that guides through the process and aids while performing tasks. The digital transformation of the laboratory starts with standardized integration of both new and “smart” lab devices, as well as legacy devices through a hardware gateway module. The open source Standardization in Lab Automation 2 standard is used for device communication. A central lab server channels all device communication and keeps a database record of every measurement, task and result generated or used in the lab. It acts as a central entry point for process management. This backbone enables a process control system to guide the worker through the lab process and provide additional assistance, like results of automated calculations or safety information. The description of the infrastructure and architecture is followed by a practical example on how to implement a digitized workflow. This approach is highly useful for – but not limited to – the biotechnological laboratory and has the potential to increase productivity in both industry and research for example by enabling automated documentation.
The electrical conductivity of the transition metal oxide Co1‐σO has been measured as a function of the oxygen activity and the temperature in the whole stability field of CoO using a very pure single crystal. The results are modelled in terms of a new conductivity model in which free electron holes as well as electron holes which are trapped by cation vacancies contribute to the conductivity. At low oxygen activities also electrons are considered. Within this model the following parameters are obtained: the two mass action constants, K1 and K11, for the incorporation of oxygen and the formation of singly ionized vacancies, the mobilities of free and trapped electron holes, b0 and b1, and the product of the electron mobility and the electronic mass action constant, Kebe. A microscopic interpretation of the model is made possible by translating the so‐called five‐frequency model for impurity diffusion to the conductivity problem. Then it is also possible to estimate the lifetime of the associate consisting of a doubly ionized vacancy and an electron hole, which is about twenty times larger than the residence time of an electron hole on a cation site.
This paper presents a method for the magnetic data storage on the surface of gentelligent components.One key issue is the possibility to store customers' data on components dynamically and to read it out later on. The data storage is carried out magnetically and is demonstrated on a high-speed milling head. As such components are mostly made of light materials without magnetic properties; areas for the data storage on the surface must first be defined. Sintered components made of Mg and of hard magnetic particles have the potential to meet these requirements.
Digitalisierung findet mehr und mehr in allen ArbeitsbereichenNutzen und Verwendung. Dabei wird allerdings häufig vergessen, dass der Mensch auch in angemessener Weise mit der digitalen Infrastruktur interagieren können muss. Hierfür eignen sich prinzipiell viele Medien, zum Beispiel das Smartphone oder Tablets. In Arbeitsbereichen, in denen etwa mit Chemikalien gearbeitet wird, wie im Labor, stoßen diese allerdings schnell an ihre Grenzen, denn mit Handschuhen sind sie nur schwer zu bedienen. Eine Lösung hierfür könnten sogenannte Wearables sein, und hier vor allem die Smartglasses, da im Labor aus Gründen der Arbeitssicherheit sowieso Schutzbrillen getragen werden müssen und diese einfach um eine Datenbrillenfunktion erweitert werden könnten. Die Chancen, Möglichkeiten und Risiken des Ein satzes von Smartglasses im Laborbereich sind aktuell Gegenstand der Forschung.
The weight reduction of components is one of the most important topics in the automotive and the aircraft industry. Sintered light metal alloys combine a low specific weight with a production process with a high utilisation of material. This paper describes a process integrated marking approach for sintered components to protect them from being copied. Herein spherical particles are placed inside at predefined positions, and different materials are used for particles and powder. The readout of the marking is based on the different physical properties of these materials. Experiments to show the feasibility of the approach were carried out. Additionally a numerical simulation was used to predict the influence of the particles on the components density distribution.
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