Malaria ranks among the foremost health issues facing tropical countries. In this paper, we explore the determinants of cross-country differences in malaria morbidity, and examine the linkage between malaria and economic growth.Using a classification rule analysis, we confirm the dominant role of climate in accounting for cross-country differences in malaria morbidity. The data, however, do not suggest that tropical location is destiny: controlling for climate, we find that access to rural healthcare and income equality influence malaria morbidity.In a cross-section growth framework, we find a significant negative association between higher malaria morbidity and the growth rate of GDP per capita which is robust to a number of modifications, including controlling for reverse causation. The estimated absolute growth impact of malaria differs sharply across countries; it exceeds a quarter percent per annum in a quarter of the sample countries. Most of these are located in Sub-Saharan Africa (with an estimated average annual growth reduction of 0.55 percent).
The remarkable performance of the Irish economy in McCarthy focuses on three features of Ireland's recent years has attracted much attention. Within a 10-economic achievements. Two of these features are year period the economy went from an 18 percent external: the opening to Europe and the role of foreign unemployment rate to nearly full employment, while the direct investment. The third and perhaps most ratio of debt to GDP fell from 120 percent to less than "exportable" feature is domestic: the role of a social 50 percent. Inevitably, this success was also accompanied pact. This pact was initially between employers, trade by problems, as infrastructure came under increasing unions, and the government. Subsequent pacts were stress, environmental difficulties became more evident, extended to include a variety of other groups. McCarthy and a changing social structure resulted in some groups discusses the far-reaching impact of this series of pacts on becoming increasingly marginalized. health, poverty, employment, education, and social What worked and what did not? In particular, are welfare. there lessons that may be relevant for other countries Ireland now faces a number of challenges, including facing similar difficulties, especially in Asia and Latin the slowdown in the global economy, a fall in resource America? transfers from the European Union, and the potential effects of the entry into the EU of Hungary and Poland. This paper-a product of Development Dialogue on Values and Ethics, External Affairs, with support under the ASEM Trust Fund-is part of a larger effort in the Bank to explore and present European social policy experience relevant for the East Asia post crisis. Copies of the paper are available free from the World Bank,
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