for offering very helpful comments; Rafael di Tella, Ernesto Stein, and Ugo Panizza for sharing their data; and Rachel Rubinfeld and Mike Prosser for superb research and editorial assistance. 462 Shang-Jin Wei and Yi Wu 1. For surveys of the literature on corruption and economic development, see Bardhan (1997), Kaufmann (1997), and Wei (1999). More recent papers on corruption include Wei (2000d) and Bai and Wei (2000). None of the surveys covers any empirical study that links crony capitalism with currency crises. 2. We use the term crony capitalism interchangeably with corruption. Strictly speaking, crony capitalism refers to an economic environment in which relatives and friends of government officials are placed in positions of power and government decisions on allocation of resources are distorted to favor friends and relatives. In reality, crony capitalism almost always implies a widespread corruption, because private firms and citizens in such an environment find it necessary to pay bribes to government officials in order to get anything done. Fig. 10.2 Quality of public governance and the composition of capital inflows Source: Authors' calculations.

SUMMARY Angiogenin (ANG) is a secreted ribonuclease (RNase) with cell type- and context-specific roles in growth, survival, and regeneration. Although these functions require receptor-mediated endocytosis and appropriate subcellular localization, the identity of the cell surface receptor remains undefined. Here, we show that plexin-B2 (PLXNB2) is the functional receptor for ANG in endothelial, cancer, neuronal, and normal hematopoietic and leukemic stem and progenitor cells. Mechanistically, PLXNB2 mediates intracellular RNA processing that contribute to cell growth, survival, and regenerative capabilities of ANG. Antibodies generated against the ANG binding site on PLXNB2 restricts ANG activity in vitro and in vivo, resulting in inhibition of established xenograft tumors, ANG-induced neurogenesis and neuroprotection, levels of pro-self-renewal transcripts in hematopoietic and patient-derived leukemic stem/progenitor cells, and reduced progression of leukemia in vivo. PLXNB2 is therefore required for the physiological and pathological functions of ANG and has significant therapeutic potential in solid and hematopoietic cancers and neurodegenerative diseases.

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, seminar participants at the World Bank for useful comments, Jiang Mingqing at China's State Statistics Bureau for help in interpreting the data, and Hayden Smith and Donald Tench IV for editorial assistance. The views are the authors' own, and may not be shared by the IMF or any other organization that the authors are or have been associated with. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

Using FRET technique, we have reported that high fluence LPLI can induce human lung adenocarcinoma cells (ASTC-a-1) apoptosis. The activation of caspase-3 plays an important role in the apoptotic process.