The narrow genetic variability of grasslands and the incidence of new biotic and abiotic stresses have motivated the selection of new Panicum maximum genotypes for use as forage for beef cattle in the Brazilian savannah. This study aimed to evaluate forage yield and nutritive value of P. maximum genotypes including 14 accessions (PM30 to PM43), four intraspecifi c hybrids (PM44 to PM47) and six cultivars (Aruana, Massai, Milênio, Mombaça, Tanzania and Vencedor), examining 24 genotypes over two years (2003 and 2004). Milênio cultivar was the genotype with the highest dry matter yield (DMY) in both years (18.4 t ha -1 and 20.9 t ha -1 , respectively) although it presented a high proportion of stems (~ 30 %). Genotypes that showed higher Leaf DMY in both years were the accession PM34 (14.7 t ha -1 ) and the hybrid PM46 (14.0 t ha -1 ), while Mombaça and Tanzania yielded 12.5 and 11.0 t ha -1 , respectively. Leaf organic matter digestibility and leaf DMY for PM40 and PM46 genotypes exceeded the mean (> 656 g kg -1and > 11.7 t ha -1 , respectively). For this reason, PM40 and PM46 can be considered promising P. maximum genotypes for use as forage for grazing systems in the Brazilian savannah. IntroductionThe neotropical savannah known as Cerrado, located in the center of the Brazilian territory, presents 49 million hectares of cultivated pastures (Sano et al., 2007). Even though they are quite well adapted to general environmental conditions, their narrow genetic variability makes these pastures vulnerable to novel biotic and abiotic stresses. Examples of this are the emergent sap-sucking insect well-known as the sugarcane spittlebug (Mahanarva spp.), and a syndrome called 'sudden death' that have reached large areas of Marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha Hochst. ex A. Rich. Stapf.) pastures in the Northern Brazilian territory, with a complex diagnosis usually related to temporarily fl ooded areas (Auad et al., 2010;Caetano and Dias-Filho, 2008). To expand the genetic diversity with highly productive species and to decrease the susceptibility of Brazilian pastures to upcoming stresses, new grass genotypes have undergone assessment by Brazilian research institutions (Sousa et al., 2011, Pessim et al., 2010, Resende et al., 2004.As an alternative to Brachiaria spp., Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) has been used for more intensive cattle production systems. It is recommended for regions where annual rainfall ranges from 800 to 1800 mm in well-drained soil and it requires medium to high soil fertility (Muir and Jank, 2004). Tanzania and Mombaça are the most planted Guinea grass cultivars in Brazil, both collected in Africa in the 1960s by ORSTOM (Offi ce de la Recherche Scientifi que et Technique d'OutreMer) and selected by EMBRAPA (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation) in the early 1990s. Currently, these two high-sized tufted grass cultivars are responsible for 10 % of the forage seed market in Brazil, but the incidence of the leaf fungus Bipolaris maydis (Nisik. Schoemaker) has reduced their deman...
The sweet cassava cultivars BRS 396, BRS 397, BRS 398 and BRS 399, were selected through 27 participatory tests conducted at Distrito Federal, Brazil. Their agronomic performance and their high level of acceptance among producers qualify them as a new crop option for cultivation in the region.
RESUMO Neste estudo avaliou-se a produtividade e o valor nutricional, para ruminantes, da parte aérea e das raízes de oito genótipos de mandioca para indústria (BGMC 1304, BGMC 1299, BGMC 1297, BGMC 1262, BGMC 991, BGMC 923, BGMC 788 e BGMC 436), cultivados em área experimental da Embrapa Cerrados no município de Planaltina-DF (15º 35' 30'' de latitude Sul, 47º 42' 30'' de longitude oeste a 1000 m de altitude). Aos 12 meses após o plantio, efetuou-se a poda da parte aérea de todos os genótipos. Aos 18 meses após o plantio o experimento foi avaliado, momento em que foram colhidas as partes aéreas e as raízes tuberosas de cada genótipo em cada parcela experimental. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott. Houve diferenças significativas entre os genótipos para produtividade de matéria seca (MS) da parte aérea e de raízes, bem como para as características nutricionais, com exceção para potássio, fósforo, magnésio e cobre da parte aérea e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS), e, para potássio, fósforo, cálcio e magnésio das raízes. O genótipo BGMC 1304 apresentou maior produtividade de parte aérea (8.554kg ha-1) e teores médios de 44,24% de DIVMS e 12,58% de proteína bruta (PB) nessa fração da planta. O BGMC 923 se destacou pela maior produtividade de raízes (17.760kg ha-1), com DIVMS média de 86,93% e PB 2,27%.
A região noroeste de Minas Gerais apresenta como característica o grande número de propriedades rurais de agricultura familiar. Nessa região, o cultivo de mandioca de mesa apresenta potencial para expansão em razão da rentabilidade e da proximidade do município ao mercado consumidor do Distrito Federal. Entretanto, o cultivo da mandioca na região ocorre com baixo emprego de tecnologias. Dessa forma, o objetivo do estudo foi determinar o desempenho agronômico de oito acessos-elite de mandioca de mesa no município de Unaí-MG. Os experimentos foram conduzidos entre novembro de 2010 e março de 2012 (safra 2010/2012), e entre novembro de 2011 e março de 2013 (safra 2011/2013), em área experimental da Escola Agrícola de Unaí. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos completos, com tratamento casualizados, com três repetições. Foram documentadas informações da altura da primeira ramificação, da altura da planta, do peso da parte aérea, da produtividade de raízes tuberosas, da porcentagem de amido e do tempo de cocção das raízes. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância individual e conjunta, e ao teste de agrupamento de médias. Os resultados revelaram que: i) os acessos diferiram quanto a todas as características avaliadas; ii) o fator safra influenciou sobre o desempenho dos acessos quanto a todas as características avaliadas, exceto altura da planta; iii) todos os acessos avaliados apresentaram potencial agronômico para cultivo na região; e iv) o acesso BGMC 751 (BRS Japonesa) revelou elevado desempenho agronômico, com destaque para produtividade e tempo de cocção das raízes tuberosas.
Core Ideas The cultivars Tamani and Zuri have greater nutritive value than cultivar Massai.The individual cattle performance was greater in Tamani and Zuri pastures.Massai provided the same liveweight gain per area than Tamani and Zuri.Tamani and Zuri can be used in grazing systems aiming cattle growing and fattening.Tamani can minimize usual guineagrass restrictions during rainy‐dry season transition. The development of forage cultivars suitable for the Brazilian Cerrados should incorporate long‐term cattle performance results, ensuring released material be persistent and of high quality. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of three guineagrass [Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B. K. Simon & S. W. L. Jacobs] cultivars (Massai, Tamani, and Zuri) on liveweight gain of young Nellore (Bos indicus) bulls under grazing. The trial was performed in Planaltina (Federal District, Brazil) from 2011 to 2013 encompassing dry and rainy seasons. Cattle average daily gain (ADG) in the rainy season differed among cultivars, averaging 0.716, 0.791, and 0.883 kg head−1 d−1 for Massai, Tamani, and Zuri, respectively. The ADG was lesser (0.284 kg head−1 d−1) in the dry season with no effects of cultivar. Massai had a similar stocking rate (SR) as Tamani but a greater SR than Zuri in the rainy season (490, 445, and 417 animal unit day ha−1), which was influenced by its greater herbage accumulation rate (HAR; 66.8, 41.4 and 42.3 kg DM ha−1 d−1, respectively). However, there were no differences among cultivars in liveweight (LW) gain per area (GA 2.28 kg ha−1 d−1). In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was lesser for Massai (530 g kg−1) compared to Tamani and Zuri (561 and 550 g kg−1, respectively). Due to above‐average nutritive value, Tamani and Zuri provided greater individual cattle performance than Massai, although the GA was similar among all cultivars.
ABSTRACT. Selection of superior forage genotypes is based on agronomic traits assayed in repeated measures. The questions are how repeatable the performance of individual genotypes is and how many harvests are needed to select the best genotypes. The objectives were to estimate repeatability coefficients of dry matter yield (DMY) and forage quality, their phenotypic stability and the number of harvests needed for an accurate selection. Two randomized complete block design experiments data with 24 genotypes each, undergoing 12 and 16 harvests, over a period of 2 and 3 years, respectively, were used. The DMY repeatability estimates ranged from 0.42 to 0.55, suggesting a low heritability. The mean numbers of repeated measures were 5 and 7 harvests for 0.80 and 0.85 accuracy, respectively. The inclusion of the first two harvests negatively affects the estimates. Repeatability for quality traits ranged from 0.30 to 0.69, indicating low to moderate heritability.Keywords: repeated measures, selection efficiency, selection effectiveness.Repetibilidade, número de colheitas e estabilidade fenotípica da produção de matérica seca e de características de qualidade de Panicum maximum jacq. RESUMO.A seleção de genótipos superiores em forrageiras é feita para características agronômicas analisadas em medições repetidas no tempo. As questões estão relacionadas à repetibilidade do desempenho dos genótipos e ao número necessário de colheitas para selecionar aqueles superiores. Os objetivos foram estimar coeficientes de repetibilidade da produção de matéria seca (PMS) e de características de qualidade da forragem, a estabilidade fenotípica e o número de colheitas necessárias para uma seleção mais precisa. Dois experimentos em blocos casualizados com 24 genótipos cada um, submetidos a 12 e 16 colheitas, durante um período de dois e três anos, respectivamente, foram utilizados para o estudo. As estimativas de repetibilidade de PMS variaram de 0,42 a 0,55, sugerindo baixa herdabilidade. Os números de colheitas foram cinco e sete para 0,80 e 0,85 de acurácia, respectivamente. A inclusão das duas primeiras colheitas afeta negativamente as estimativas de PMS. A repetibilidade para as características de qualidade variou de 0,30 a 0,69, indicando baixa à moderada herdabilidade.Palavras-chave: medidas repetidas, eficiência de seleção, eficácia de seleção.
-The sweet cassava cultivar BRS Japonesa was selected by the cassava breeding program of Embrapa Cerrados in 25 participatory evaluations conducted in the region of the Distrito Federal, Brazil. The cultivar was well-accepted by producers, and the probability of being ranked among the top four cultivars is 80 %.
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