Rate of HER2 positivity is similar in Turkish patients with GC and GEJCs. HER2 positivity is associated with poor prognosis in patients with early-stage disease.
Fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma (FLHCC) does not have a favorable prognosis than conventional HCC, and there is no difference regarding the response to chemotherapy and the degree of surgical resectability. FLHCC commonly recurs after complete surgical resection, and there is a high rate of lymph node metastases. Herein, we report a 12-year-old girl with metastatic FLHCC with multiple recurrences aggressively treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and antiangiogenic agents. She is in complete remission after 4 years and 2 months after the diagnosis of metastatic FLHCC. The standard treatment of FLHCC is excision of the primary tumor and its metastases. Chemotherapy for FLHCC is controversial, and it has been suggested that cytoreductive chemotherapy was ineffective and adjuvant chemotherapy did not improve survival. Our patient with multiple recurrences was successfully treated with surgery, first-line chemotherapy with cisplatin and doxorubicin, second-line chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil/interferon-α combination, and adjuvant antiangiogenic agents like cyclophosphamide and thalidomide. As FLHCC patients have no underlying liver disease, they can tolerate higher doses of chemotherapy compared with conventional HCC patients. We support the use of repeated aggressive surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy, which provided complete remission in our patient with metastatic and recurrent FLHCC.
Aim: This experimental study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect on obstructive jaundice (OJ) of oral Red Ginseng (RG) extract, which is known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Material and Method: The rats were randomly separated into 3 groups of 10 rats: The sham group, the control group, and the treatment group. In Group 1 (sham), the common bile duct (CBD) was identified but no ligation or transection was performed. In Group 2 (control), the CBD was identified and ligation and transection were performed, but no treatment was given. In Group 3 (RG group), CBD ligation and transection were performed, then RG extract was administered via an orogastric tube at a dose of 100 mg/ kg/day for 10 days. After 10 days, blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis, and liver tissue samples for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Results: Significantly higher serum albumin levels and lower serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were determined in the RG group than in the control group (p=0.028, p=0.001 and p=0.034, respectively). In the oxidative stress parameters, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase (CAT) levels were significantly different between the RG group and control group (p≤0.001 for each). Total sulfhydryl (T-SH) was not at a statistically significant level, although it was high and approached the value of the sham group (p=0.076). In the histopathological evaluation, the RG group had statistically significantly lower scores in all parameters compared to the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion:The results of this study showed that RG has a strong hepatoprotective effect as a result of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Pneumoconiosis, which develops upon exposure to organic or inorganic matter, also encompasses lung lesions which occur due to biomass use, especially in people living in rural areas. Biomass is used as an energy source for heating and cooking within households. According to the World Health Organisation data, when the dust exposure level is above 25 µg/m3, several systemic diseases such as cataracts, chronic obstructive lung disease, tuberculosis and lung cancer may develop. The case presented herein is mixed dust pneumoconiosis, developed after biomass exposure. Pneumoconiosis, which involves some lung morphologies that may lead to fatal outcomes, is still the most frequently encountered occupational lung disease in Turkey. This case report is presented to review the data of our country related to biomass exposure and to discuss mixed dust pneumoconiosis, a rare condition.
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