Introduction: Suicidal behavior is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. Being in correctional institution is continues to be associated with an under-recognized risk for suicidal behavior. The increased risk of suicidal behavior in correctional institution is because of several factors including prison related, psychiatric disorders and substance use related factors are believed to be associated.Objective: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behavior among prisoners in Jimma town correctional institution; South West Ethiopia 2017.Methods: An Institutional based cross-sectional study design was employing among 336 prisoners in Jimma town correctional institution in 2017. Systematic random sampling technique was used. A structured pretested SBQ-R questioner was used and the data was collected with face to face interview. Data was entered in to Epi-data version 3.1, and then exported in to SPSS version 21.0 statistical package for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were carried to examine the association between independent and dependent variables. Adjusted odds ratio at a p-value<0.05 with 95% CI was declared statistically significant. Results:The overall prevalence of suicidal behaviors was found to be 23.2%. Age group between 25-34 years (AOR=2.47,95% CI: 1.307,4. 655), being unemployed (AOR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.175,3.849), current comorbid depression (AOR=2.13, 95%CI: 1.203,3.762), current poor level of social support (AOR=2.95, 95% CI:1.107,7.882) and history of previous incarceration (AOR=3.04, 95% CI: 1.247,7.418), were associated with suicidal behavior among prisoners in Jimma town correctional institution. Conclusion and recommendations:In this study suicidal behavior was found to be high among prisoners. Therefore attention should be given to prisoners through prison health services in early screening and treatment particularly for those who are on younger age group, unemployed, prisoners with co morbid depressive disorders, having poor social support and previous incarceration.In a study conducted at New South Wales Australia correctional institution, the lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts were found to be 34% and 21% respectively. The twelve month prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt were also reported to be 9.1% and 2.5% respectively. There was no gender difference in terms of prevalence of suicidal ideation; however, women were significantly more likely than men to report a lifetime suicide attempt (28.7% vs. 19.9%, p=0.03) [10]. The prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt in Australia among young prisoners were 16% and 3.6% respectively [11]. Similarly in UK and Dutch the lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts were reported to be 82% and 54% respectively [12].Kent State University at United States of America reported the lifetime prevalence of suicide ideation among adolescents in Juvenile detention which was reported to be 19.0% and suicide attempt to be 11.9% [13]. In addition suicidal ideation and attempt were tri...
Background. Schizophrenia is one of the most severe, chronic, and disabling mental disorders found globally. The chronic nature of the illness significantly interferes with functioning and results in a poor quality of life, but little is known about the quality of life among schizophrenia patients, in particular in low-income countries. Therefore, we assessed the quality of life and associated factors among patients with schizophrenia attending Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods. The hospital-based cross-sectional study design was employed to collect data from 352 study participants using a systematic random sampling technique from June to July 2018. Patients’ sociodemographic characteristic, quality of life, psychopathology, medication adherence, comorbid physical illness, and substance use disorder were assessed. Data entry and analysis were done using EpiData version 3.1 and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0, respectively. Variables with a P value < 0.05 in the final multiple regression models were declared to be associated with the outcome variable. The Results. The response rate of the study was 99.7%. The mean (±standard deviation) score of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Short Version Scale was 74.34±15.83. Positive symptoms, negative symptoms, general psychopathologies, comorbid physical illness, khat use disorder, tobacco use disorder, and medication nonadherence were negatively associated with patient quality of life. However, monthly income was found to be positively associated with quality of life. Conclusion and Recommendation. The mean and standard deviation of the quality of life of people with schizophrenia is found to be 74.34±15.83 in this study. The social relationship domain was found with the lowest mean score. Therefore, priority interventions need to be implemented to improve the social deficits.
Background: Substance use disorders are more common among people with mental illness than in the general population. It makes recovery from mental illness more difficult, leads to frequent thoughts of suicide and re-hospitalization. Objective: Aimed to assess the prevalence of substance use disorders and associated factors among adult psychiatric patients in Jimma Town, Southwest, Ethiopia, 2017. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 300 patients with mental illness using the case tracing method. Participants were interviewed using the alcohol use disorder identification test questionnaire to assess Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Fagerstrom test tool for nicotine dependence and structured questionnaires were utilized to assess the socio-demographic characteristics of participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The variable that showed association with AUD and nicotine dependence at P < .25 in the bivariate analysis was entered into multivariable logistic regressions to control confounders for both outcome variables independently. The significance of association was determined by P < .05 and strength was described using an adjusted odds ratio at a 95% confidence level. Results: The prevalence of alcohol use disorder and nicotine dependence was 14.3% and 23.3%, respectively. Female gender (AOR 0.15, 95% CI = 0.04-0.57), starting treatment within the first month of the onset of the illness (AOR 0.20, 95% CI = 0.05-0.82) and nicotine dependence(AOR 4.84, 95% CI = 1.85-12.67) associated with AUD. Additionally, being female (AOR 0.04, 95% CI = 0.01-0.25), joblessness (AOR 3.05, 95% CI = 1.30-7.16), absence of relapse of illness (AOR 0.18, 95% CI = 0.065-0.503), no improvement in illness (AOR 5.3, 95% CI = 1.70-16.50), and current khat use (AOR 3.09, 95% CI = 1.21-7.90) were associated with nicotine dependence. Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of substance use disorders among psychiatric patients in the community. Being female, experiencing a shorter duration of illness before initiating treatment, and nicotine-dependence were significantly associated with AUD. On the other hand, female sex and absence of relapse of illness were negatively associated with nicotine dependence whereas, joblessness, less improvement of illness, and khat chewing were positively associated with it. Therefore, services on substance use disorders have to be extended to the community level with wide-scale training for the town’s health care providers, including health extension workers who have direct contact with these individuals. Accordingly, comprehensive and suitable interventions were advised to be provided on factors contributing to substance use disorders in general.
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