Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/_jigxUi-oQQBackground: Depression and anxiety are the most commonly occurring psychiatric comorbidities among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Co-occurring anxiety and depression in PTB patients result in poor adherence to anti-tuberculosis medication. This in turn results in lower success rate of treatment and an upsurge in morbidity and mortality. Despite this problem existing globally, little has been explored in southwest Ethiopia. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis receiving treatment at public health facilities in southwest Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2019. Data were collected from 410 PTB patients using hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). Epi data version 3.1 and SPSS version 23 were used to enter and analyze data respectively. Multiple logistic regressions were fitted to identify the strength of association between outcome and explanatory variables. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Prevalence of depression and anxiety among PTB patients were 229 (55.9 %) and 224 (54.6%), respectively. High perceived stress [AOR=3.61 (1.99, 6.53)], perceived stigma [AOR=10.13 (5.52, 18.63)], being in an intensive phase of treatment [AOR= 3.33 (1.83, 6.07)], and low body mass index [AOR=2.07 (1.13, 3.80)] were significantly associated with depression. Being female [AOR=2.42 (1.39, 4.22)], perceived stigma [AOR=3.58 (1.99, 6.42)], high perceived stress [AOR=4.40 (2.52, 7.69)], and family history of mental illness [AOR=2.66 (1.19, 5.94)] had significant association with anxiety. Conclusion: More than half of the study participants were found to have probable depression and anxiety. This indicates the need to pay attention to the mental health condition of patients with PTB, particularly to those with identified risk factors.

Background. Risky Sexual Behaviors (RSB) and Depression symptoms expose young people to various reproductive health problems including sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS. To date the link between these two major public health problems lacks empirical evidence in the context of higher education institutions in Ethiopia. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess association between risky sexual behavior and depression symptoms among Jimma University main campus students, Jimma, Ethiopia, 2016. Methods. An institution based quantitative cross sectional study was conducted. A pre-tested questionnaire and modified Beck Depression Inventory II were administered to 700 students, selected by multi-stage stratified sampling, from the main campus of Jimma University. Descriptive statistics, simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to analyze possible confounders. Presence of crude association between the dependent and independent variables was detected by bivariate logistic regression analysis. Variables with p value < 0.25 in bivariate analysis were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression to exclude the confounders. Adjusted odd ratios with 95%CI were computed to examine depression symptoms and other independent variables as predictors of RSB. Results. RSB were reported by 30.2% students. Out of 222 (33.6%) students with depression symptoms 105 (47.3%) reported RSB. Students with moderate depression symptoms are nearly two times more likely to experience risky sexual behavior than students with no depression symptoms (AOR 1.9, 95% CI: 1-3.1). Students with severe depression symptoms are nearly two and half times more likely to experience RSB than students with no depression symptoms counterparts (AOR 2.6, 95%CI: 1.3- 5.1). Conclusion. RSB were high among students with depression symptoms in the main campus of Jimma University. To help students overcome the challenges, recommendation was given for concerted action from the University, governmental and NGO, and the surrounding community to establish support services and various reproductive and mental health awareness programs within the campus.

Background. Schizophrenia is one of the most severe, chronic, and disabling mental disorders found globally. The chronic nature of the illness significantly interferes with functioning and results in a poor quality of life, but little is known about the quality of life among schizophrenia patients, in particular in low-income countries. Therefore, we assessed the quality of life and associated factors among patients with schizophrenia attending Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods. The hospital-based cross-sectional study design was employed to collect data from 352 study participants using a systematic random sampling technique from June to July 2018. Patients’ sociodemographic characteristic, quality of life, psychopathology, medication adherence, comorbid physical illness, and substance use disorder were assessed. Data entry and analysis were done using EpiData version 3.1 and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0, respectively. Variables with a P value < 0.05 in the final multiple regression models were declared to be associated with the outcome variable. The Results. The response rate of the study was 99.7%. The mean (±standard deviation) score of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Short Version Scale was 74.34±15.83. Positive symptoms, negative symptoms, general psychopathologies, comorbid physical illness, khat use disorder, tobacco use disorder, and medication nonadherence were negatively associated with patient quality of life. However, monthly income was found to be positively associated with quality of life. Conclusion and Recommendation. The mean and standard deviation of the quality of life of people with schizophrenia is found to be 74.34±15.83 in this study. The social relationship domain was found with the lowest mean score. Therefore, priority interventions need to be implemented to improve the social deficits.

Background Diagnosis of co-occurring personality disorders, particularly the most comorbid cluster B personality disorders in psychiatric patients is clinically important because of their association with the duration, recurrence, and outcome of the comorbid disorders. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of cluster B personality disorders and associated factors among psychiatric outpatients in Jimma Medical Center. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 404 patients with mental illnesses at Jimma Medical Center from July 15 to September 14, 2021. A systematic random sampling method was used to recruit the participants. Personality disorder questionnaire four (PDQ-4) was used to assess the prevalence of cluster B personality disorders through a face-to-face interview. Data were entered into Epi Data Version 4.6 and exported to SPSS Version 26 for analysis. Logistic regression analysis was done and variables with a p-value less than 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval in the final fitting model were declared as independent predictors of cluster B personality disorders. Result Amongst 401 respondents with response rate of 99.3%, slightly less than one-fourth (23.19%, N = 93) were found to have cluster B personality disorders. Unable to read and write(AOR = 3.28, 95%CI = 1.43—7.51), unemployment(AOR = 2.32, 95%CI = 1.19—4.49), diagnosis of depressive (AOR = 3.72, 95%CI = 1.52–9.10) and bipolar-I disorders (AOR = 2.94, 95%CI = 1.37—6.29), longer duration of illness (AOR = 2.44, 95%CI = 1.33—4.47), multiple relapses (AOR = 2.21, 95%CI = 1.18–4.15)), history of family mental illnesses (AOR = 2.05, 95%CI = 1.17—3.62), recent cannabis use (AOR = 4.38, 95%CI = 1.61—11.95), recent use of alcohol (AOR = 2.86, 95%CI = 1.34—6.10), starting to use substance at earlier age (AOR = 4.42, 95%CI = 1.51 -12.96), and suicidal attempt (AOR = 2.24, 95%CI = 1.01—4.96), were the factors significantly associated with cluster B personality disorders. Conclusion The prevalence of cluster B personality disorders was high among mentally ill outpatients and found to be important for mental health professionals working in the outpatient departments to screen for cluster B personality disorders as part of their routine activities, particularly those who have mood disorders, longer duration of illness, multiple relapses, history of family mental illnesses, suicidal attempt and are a current user of alcohol and cannabis.

The aim of this study is to assess the quality of sleep and contributing factors in treated patients with schophrenia. Materials and methods:The sleep quality of 411 subjects in treatment for schizophrenia was assessed. A cross-sectional study design was used to determine mediating factors. A consecutive sampling technique was used for recruitment. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess outcome variables, and the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) and the four-item Morisky-Green test (MGT) was used for symptom severity and medication adherence. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factor association and the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and a p-value < 0.05 determined statistical significance. Results: More than half of the patients were poor sleepers. Sleep determinants were: a) urban residence AOR=3.08 [2.57, 8.12], b) family size ≥6 AOR=2.72 [1.38, 5.08], c) current khat use AOR=2.30 [1.22, 4.31], d) low antipsychotics adherence AOR=6.23 [3.61, 10.75], e) positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for positive symptoms greater than mean AOR=2.99 [1.69, 5.30] and PANSS for general symptoms greater than mean AOR=4.22 [2.22, 8.05]. These were all significantly associated with sleep quality on multiple logistic regressions. Conclusion:There is a high prevalence of poor sleep quality among schizophrenia patients and risk factors are known. It is time to address these factors clinically to ensure better health for this population.