Background: Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is one-third of vaginitis case. About 75% of women will have at least one episode of VVC. Complication of VVC can be unfavorable to impact the patient's quality of life. Knowing its risk factors can prevent someone suffering from pathological VVC and its sequelae. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors of VVC. Materials and Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted by total sampling to 213 medical records of VVC patients from 869 fluor albus patients in Sexually Transmitted Infection

Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail unit including the nail matrix, the nail bed and the nail plate by both dermatophyte and non-dermatophyte agents. It is disturbs not only cosmetic disfigurement, but also it may have an impact on patients’ emotional, social and occupational functioning, finally affecting the overall quality of life. The incidence rate tends to increase, management of onychomycosis is still challenging. Important problems regarding antifungal monotherapy have experienced many failures and recurrences. In general, pharmacological approaches for onychomycosis can be topical or oral antifungal. Antifungal monotherapies often lead to failure treatment, also high incidence of recurrence. One strategy for this problem is a combination antifungal therapy. In vitro studies show the synergistic effect of using combination two antifungals (both oral antifungal or combination topical and oral antifungal), hence it is mycologically or clinically expected to increase the success rate of onychomycosis therapy. This review tries to evaluate the previous study exploring the effectiveness of antifungal combination therapies on onychomycosis. Two oral antifungals usually used are terbinafine as fungicidal agent and itraconazole as fungistatic agent. There is combination between topical and oral antifungal such as itraconazole or terbinafine with amorolfine or ciclopirox, also other combination like griseofulvin and amorolfone or tioconazole. All the combination therapies show better result than monotherapy alone, but it is still difficult to conclude whether antifungal combinations in onychomycosis will increase effectiveness due to variations in therapeutic duration, result definition, and statistical evaluation on existing studies. Further research is required with longer duration of observation, uniform patient criteria and definition of success, random control and blinding to minimize bias.

Tinea capitis is dermatophyte infection of the scalp and hair, affecting mainly prepubertal children. Its incidence has increased over the last decades. If not diagnosed and treated properly, it might reach epidemic soon. This study was descriptive retrospective study which evaluated the incidence and profile of tinea capitis among patients of Micology Division, Outpatient Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology Department, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya in 2014 - 2016. There were 42 tinea capitis new cases. It was most prevalent among the age group of 5-14 years old. Male was more common. The most common main complaint was itching. The most frequent predisposing factor was cat exposure. Squama was the most prevalent efflorescence. KOH examination data showed that 57.1% patients were arthrospore positive and 66.7% were positive in Wood lamp examination. Culture was done among 24 patients with positive result of 52.4% and Microsporum canis as the most prevalent dermatophytes. There were 33.3% patients diagnosed with grey patch type. The most common treatment was oral griseofulvin. Follow-ups were done to all patients but only 64.3% who visited back.

Background: Recently, the incidence of syphilis among men who have sex with men (MSM) has increased rapidly, especially among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected MSM. Coinfection with these two organisms alter the symptoms and signs, progression of the disease, and the risk of progressing to the tertiary stage. Purpose: To report a case of secondary syphilis in HIV-infected MSM.  Case: A 24-year-old male complaint of multiple redness macule for 1-month duration on his chest, back, groin, palm, and soles. The rash was neither painful nor pruritic. He also complains of hair loss resulting "moth eaten" alopecia. One month before, he had a painless ulcer on his genital, which resolved without treatment. His HIV infection was diagnosed two years earlier. He had been sexually active with multiple homosexual partners without using a condom since 2010. The Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test (VDRL) titer was 1/32, and Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) was 1/20480. Initial treatment was a single dose of 2.4 million units of benzathine penicillin. Serologic examination was reevaluated on month 1, 3, 6, and 9 after therapy and declined in the third month. Discussion: For HIV-infected persons, the clinical manifestations of syphilis in most of the cases remain the same. However, the lesions are more aggressive, and coexistence of primary and secondary syphilis is more frequent. Serologic tests are accurate and reliable for the diagnosis and for following a patient’s response to treatment. Penicillin is effective but physical and serological follow up is needed. Conclusion: HIV-infected MSM have higher risk of syphilis. Staging is needed to determine the treatment. Serologic examination should be repeated and long enough to monitor the treatment success.

Background: Psoriasis is a skin disease that occurs due to proliferation and differentiation disturbances of the epidermis. This chronic condition often reduces the human quality of life. There have been studies investigating psoriatic patient profiles and treatments, but few are conducted in Surabaya. Hence, those studies cannot fully represent the population demographic in Surabaya. Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of psoriasis vulgaris and the sociodemographic profile of the patients in Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital. Methods: This was a Retrospective study psoriasis vulgaris patients in January 2016–December 2018. The data were collected by retrieving Electronic Medical Records (EMR) as secondary data. Result: The psoriasis vulgaris prevalence of outpatients was 0.46% and 4.59% in inpatients. Most study subjects were adults aged 18 and above (98.1%), most of the patients were obese (46.3%), the most common provoking factor was focal tooth infection (33.8%) and stress (28.8%), and none reported family history of psoriasis. Conclusion: Some results are similar to other studies conducted in Surabaya, which were the obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) being strong a factor to psoriasis development. However, the result on psoriasis family history was not in line with other studies.

Background: Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that affects peripheral nerves and skin. The interaction between M. leprae and Schwann cells causes irreversible damage to peripheral nervous tissue afterward disability occurs. Involvement of the major nervous trunks of the extremities can produce sensory-motor deficits. The risk factors are delay in diagnosis, gender, age, type of leprosy, duration of disease, number of affected nerves, leprosy reaction, type of treatment, socioeconomic factors, education, ethnicity, and occupation. Purpose: The aim was to study the profile of leprosy patients with disability who seek treatment in Leprosy Division Dermatovenerology Outpatient Clinic RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study of leprosy patients with disability from January 2017 to December 2019. Result: The results of this study obtained a total of 275 leprosy patients with disabilities, which consisted of 76 patients (27.6%) with grade-1 disability and 199 patients (72.4%) with grade-2 disability. The majority were male (73.4%) and aged 25-44 years old (42.2%). Other dominant risk factors were MB type leprosy (92%), duration of disease more than 12 months (52.3%), no leprosy reaction (68%), and had received multidrug therapy (45.5%). Conclusion: Knowledge of disability risk factors can assist in improving management and education to prevent disability in leprosy patients.

Background: Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) has a chronic and recurrent nature which could reduce patient’s quality of life in addition to the onset of ENL that occurs before, during, or after multidrug treatment, further emphasizing the importance of regular control and education.Purpose:This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, onset, duration, and recurrence of ENL. Methods:Data from medical records were obtained for a 3-year retrospective study of multibacillary leprosy patients at the Leprosy Division of the Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Department, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, with a minimum of 2–5 years follow-up period.Result:The prevalence of  ENL continued to increase almost every year especially in 2017 (32% in 2015; 32% in 2016; and 36% in 2017). ENL most often occurs during the first year of multi-drug therapy (MDT) administration followed by after the release from treatment (RFT) with the latest onset occurring 4 years after RFT. The majority of patients experienced chronic and recurrent reactions with the longest reactions lasting up to 4.5 years (55 months). Conclusion:Knowledge about the onset, duration, and recurrences of ENL are essential, and strict supervision for routine control shall be encouraged to increase the patients’ compliance so as to increase their quality of life.

Background: Malassezia folliculitis (MF) is the most common fungal folliculitis, and it is caused by yeast of the genus Malassezia. MF may be difficult to be distinguished clinically from acne and other types of folliculitis, causing misdiagnosis and improper treatment. Dermoscopy has been very useful to support the diagnosis of several types of folliculitis, including MF. Purpose: To know the role of dermoscopic examination in MF. Review: The diagnosis of MF can be identified by usual clinical presentation with direct microscopy and culture of the specimen, Wood's light examination, histopathological examination, and rapid efficacy of oral antifungal treatments. Several studies reported that dermoscopy provides a deeper level of the image that links the clinical morphology and the underlying histopathology. Some dermoscopic patterns are observed consistently with certain diseases, including MF, so these could be used for establishing their diagnosis. The dermoscopic features of MF seem to correlate with the current understanding of its etiopathogenesis. Conclusion: Dermoscopic examination in MF will reveal dermoscopic patterns including folliculocentric papule and pustules with surrounding erythema, dirty white perilesional scales, coiled/looped hairs with perifollicular erythema and scaling, hypopigmentation of involved hair follicles, and dotted vessels.