Risk Factors of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Dermato-Venereology Outpatients Clinic of Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

Arfiputri, Dharin Serebrina; Hidayati, Afif Nurul; Handayani, Samsriyaningsih; Ervianti, Evy

doi:10.21010/ajid.v12i1s.13

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Infection might be accompanied by several symptoms, including itching, burning, smelly, abnormal vaginal discharge (a texture like cottage cheese), and redness of the vulva. Hormonal fluctuations in pregnancy, the use of widespread antibiotic therapy, oral contraceptives, obesity, and diabetes mellitus are common predisposing factors for the infection (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). Up to 70% of women have experienced VVC at least once during their lives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran: A Semi-Large Scale Study

Kiasat

Rezaei‐Matehkolaei

Mahmoudabadi

et al. 2019

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: Candida vaginitis or vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the most common mucosal infection of the female genital tract caused by different species of Candida. Despite several antifungal therapies and personal hygiene practices, VVC has remained an important public health problem affecting millions of women worldwide. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of VVC and the frequency of causative agents in women of different age groups referring to the midwifery clinics in Ahvaz, Iran, from January 2017 to March 2018. Methods: Samples were obtained from 493 women aged 15-64 years with signs and symptoms of VVC using endocervical swabs. All collected samples were cultured on CHROMagar Candida plates and incubated at 35°C for 24-72 h. Various Candida sp. were initially identified using morphologic characteristics and physiologic features, and finally confirmed with PCR-RFLP. Results: Totally 196 (39.76%) cases were diagnosed as VVC, of which nine (4.6%) were as recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. More than half of the cases were in the age group of 21-30 years. Candida albicans was the most commonly identified species (71.1%), followed by C. glabrata (20.4%) and other non-C. albicans species (8.6%). Infection in pregnant women decreased in the third trimester compared to the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Conclusions: Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a relatively common gynecologic problem in Ahvaz. Although the frequency of non-C. albicans species in VVC has increased, C. albicans is still the predominant species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran: A Semi-Large Scale Study

Kiasat

Rezaei‐Matehkolaei

Mahmoudabadi

et al. 2019

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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“…In our study, the prevalence of RVVC (57.4%) was higher than VVC (42.6%) in diabetic women, while in Brazil the prevalence of VVC and RVVC in diabetic women was the same and VVC was of a higher prevalence in non-diabetic women [23]. In other studies on nondiabetic patients, in Tehran (Iran) and Indonesia, RVVC showed a lower incidence, whereas in Zahedan (Iran) the rate of RVVC was more than VVC [8,18,19]. Our findings also showed that the number of patients infected simultaneously with two species was higher in RVVC group than those in VVC group, although the total percentage of single-species infections (VVC=40.9% & RVVC=50.4%) was higher than double-species ones (VVC=1.7% & RVVC=7%) in both groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Investigating the Frequency of Candida glabrata in Diabetic Women of Tehran with Recurrent and Non-recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Using PCR-RFLP Assay

Paknejadi

Bayat

Razavilar

2019

JoMMID

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INTRODUCTION Vaginitis is one of the most prevalent reproductive tract infections (RTIs) among sexually active women. Annually, about 340 million cases of curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) occur worldwide, mostly in developing countries [1, 2]. After bacterial infections, vulvovaginal candidiasis is believed to be responsible for approximately one-third of vaginitis cases [3, 4]. However, some studies indicate a higher prevalence of Candida infection compared to bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis [5, 6, 7]. About %75 of healthy women within the age range of 25-50 years have experienced non-recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) at least once in their lifetime, but 5% to 20% are prone to recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) at least four times during a year [7-9]. Candida species are part of normal flora in the skin, mucous membranes, and gastrointestinal tract; however, in the presence of predisposing factors, they can appear as an opportunistic agent causing severe infections. The most critical predisposing factors include immunosuppressive diseases, uncontrolled diabetes, high carbohydrate diet, pregnancy, lack of personal hygiene, estrogen contraceptives, high sexual activity or high-risk behaviors, prescription of improper drug, self-treatment and prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and corticosteroids, incomplete or extended use of antimycotics, and resistance of Candida species to azoles [10-13]. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the major risk factors for severe infections caused by different Candida species. Women with VVC and DM, particularly those with poorly controlled hyperglycemia, are prone to develop RVVC caused by nonalbicans Candida (NAC) species [14-16]. Non-recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis is an uncomplicated and mild disease which is mainly prevalent among healthy women infected with Candida albicans, while recurrent VVC is a complicated and more severe disease often caused by drugresistant NAC species in immunocompromised women [14-16]. Candida albicans is known as the primary cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis, however; today, NAC species, especially C. glabrata, which is intrinsically resistant to a vast range of azoles and antifungal compounds are on the Introduction: Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most common genital tract infections among women, especially in diabetic patients. The increasing prevalence of recurrent infections caused by drug-resistant non-albicans species necessitates further studies on diabetic patients and the identification of causative agents by reliable molecular techniques. The obtained results can assist in adopting proper treatment procedures and prevention of recurrent vulvovaginitis (RVVC). Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 150 vaginal discharge samples were collected from diabetic women suspected of candidiasis referring to health centers in Tehran province. Following the culture of samples on SDA, CHROMagar Candida and PCR-RFLP were used for presumptive and definitive identification of Candida species, respecti...

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“…Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a frequent mycotic infection in women caused by a commensal yeast called Candida lying in the vaginal mucous membrane. Candida to produce either superficial or systemic infections depends on the host immune system, risk factors (Arfiputri et al, 2018), sexual behaviour (Grinceviciene et al, 2018) and a loss of the vaginal equilibrium (Arendrup, 2013). Of sexually active women, 75% have at least once experienced symptomatic of vulvovaginal candidiasis linked to vaginal discharge (Brandolt et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of Candida species isolated from recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis to antifungal agents among women at Institut Pasteur of Cte dIvoire

Angora¹,

Denis²,

Ira-Bonouman³

et al. 2018

J. Yeast Fungal Res.

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Recurrent vulvo-vaginal candidiasis is a major issue in pubescent females because of the fact that it is a source of health discomfort. For a better medical treatment, an analysis of susceptibility of Candida species to antifungal agents is fundamental. Therefore, this study aims to determine the susceptibility of Candida spp. to antifungal agents isolated in recurrent vulvo-vaginal candidiasis. This crosssectional study was carried out in 2014 among 400 women with vaginal discharge. The recurrent vulvovaginitis was defined by the occurrence four times at least in a year. Vaginal swabs were cultured on Sabouraud-chloramphenicol medium, and Candida spp. were identified using a chromogenic technique. Susceptibility testing was performed using a microdilution method. In vitro susceptibility to antifungal agents test was performed using amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole against isolated Candida spp. Of 94 women positive from Candida spp., Candida albicans (59.6%) was the most prevalent with 59.6%. C. albicans did not show any resistance to amphotericin B and voriconazole. The susceptibility Candida glabrata to itraconazole was 50% and this species was relatively susceptible to fluconazole (77.8%) and voriconazole (83.3%). The medical treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis requires a precise diagnosis based on a mycological analysis and the susceptibility to antifungal drugs.

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Risk Factors of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Dermato-Venereology Outpatients Clinic of Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Prevalence of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran: A Semi-Large Scale Study

Prevalence of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran: A Semi-Large Scale Study

Investigating the Frequency of Candida glabrata in Diabetic Women of Tehran with Recurrent and Non-recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Using PCR-RFLP Assay

Susceptibility of Candida species isolated from recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis to antifungal agents among women at Institut Pasteur of Cte dIvoire

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