The article considers the problems of students training to solve learning tasks in technical universities, as well as training of high-school students, who are going to enter technical universities. The functions of tasks, causing the importance of their application in learning process, are specified. The system of methods is given which allows a successful development of analytical skills of students during solving physics and chemical problems. The features of analysis during solving physics and chemical problems are demonstrated. Results of experimental work, supporting the effectiveness of the stated methods, are given herein

Physics and chemistry are the comprehensive basis for the training of a modern engineer. The most important type of learning activities for the students is to solve problems. The purpose of this paper is to generalize and systematize the experience of increasing the motivation of students of technical training areas for the study of fundamental scientific disciplines using practice-oriented tasks. We identified the following educational functions of teaching objectives: cognitive, developing, a feature of the unity of theory and practice, demonstration of interdisciplinary links, assessment of the quality of students' knowledge. This article describes the experience of using a practice-oriented task in the training of technical fields and specialties students, the stages of the developed method of teaching students to solve problem are described and substantiated. This method contains the following steps: 1) preparatory 2) developing an algorithm for problems of this type, 3) diagnostics and teaching them the unformed actions, 4) solving problems 5) control and reflective. In addition, the article provides guidelines for the organization of the students' activities for designing practice-oriented tasks. It also gives the results of diagnosis of individual psychological characteristics of students personalities, which demonstrates not only an increase in their learning motivation, but also the broadening of their outlook, the growth of interest in life, in the future professional activity. It is shown that the practice-oriented approach makes it possible to successfully carry out activities to build students skills and abilities to solve problems, it also allows to increase their learning motivation, it favors the development of creative personality, which can be in demand in the labor market in the future. However, the main motives of choosing the profession changes: the cognitive and creative begin to dominate instead of the material and the level of succeed motivation increases.

The development of technical education has an important place in the process of modernization of Russian education. Today, State policy provides the advance development of the system of secondary vocational education and the creation of an effective system of vocational guidance for young people; increasing the prestige of engineering professions; qualification and quality of training, both engineering and technical specialists with secondary education. Physics is the foundation of modern technology. It is the basis of training not only a modern engineer but also a specialist with secondary education in the field of technology and industrial technologies. However, modern young people tend to have little motivation to study physics and generally to receive technical education. Physics remains one of the school’s most difficult-to-learn teaching subjects. Most modern schoolchildren consider physics complex, incomprehensible, not interesting. Among the reasons is the shortage of hours allocated for the study of physics with sufficiently high requirements expressed, first of all, in the ability to solve various physical problems. The transition to a two-level system of study at the university and as a result a significant (two or more times) reduction of the academic time for the study of physics, does not allow using the classical approach to training. At the same time, it becomes extremely difficult to keep in the previous academic hours, for example lecture courses on general physics. The article describes the developed technology of training students and schoolchildren in physics on the basis of leading independent work for implementation, which uses a multilevel physical and technological educational and methodological complex; structure, content, and characteristics of the complex, the experience of its application; results of experimental work are given. The prospect of developing and introducing in pedagogical universities a course on the creation of such textbooks by students within the framework of project activities is justified, which will allow to successfully form a wide range of professional competences of future teachers, contribute to their rapid and successful adaptation in the future professional environment.

No abstract