The article considers the problems of students training to solve learning tasks in technical universities, as well as training of high-school students, who are going to enter technical universities. The functions of tasks, causing the importance of their application in learning process, are specified. The system of methods is given which allows a successful development of analytical skills of students during solving physics and chemical problems. The features of analysis during solving physics and chemical problems are demonstrated. Results of experimental work, supporting the effectiveness of the stated methods, are given herein
Physics and chemistry are the comprehensive basis for the training of a modern engineer. The most important type of learning activities for the students is to solve problems. The purpose of this paper is to generalize and systematize the experience of increasing the motivation of students of technical training areas for the study of fundamental scientific disciplines using practice-oriented tasks. We identified the following educational functions of teaching objectives: cognitive, developing, a feature of the unity of theory and practice, demonstration of interdisciplinary links, assessment of the quality of students' knowledge. This article describes the experience of using a practice-oriented task in the training of technical fields and specialties students, the stages of the developed method of teaching students to solve problem are described and substantiated. This method contains the following steps: 1) preparatory 2) developing an algorithm for problems of this type, 3) diagnostics and teaching them the unformed actions, 4) solving problems 5) control and reflective. In addition, the article provides guidelines for the organization of the students' activities for designing practice-oriented tasks. It also gives the results of diagnosis of individual psychological characteristics of students personalities, which demonstrates not only an increase in their learning motivation, but also the broadening of their outlook, the growth of interest in life, in the future professional activity. It is shown that the practice-oriented approach makes it possible to successfully carry out activities to build students skills and abilities to solve problems, it also allows to increase their learning motivation, it favors the development of creative personality, which can be in demand in the labor market in the future. However, the main motives of choosing the profession changes: the cognitive and creative begin to dominate instead of the material and the level of succeed motivation increases.
The thermodynamic model of the formation of welding aerosol is proposed. The thermodynamic parameters of chemical compounds and aerosol phases are calculated. A program is proposed for the numerical calculation of the level of generation of various elements with the variation of the parameters which control the welding conditions. The results are compared with the literature data.
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